Synthesis of the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes [MoO 2 (L 3OMe )(EtOH)] (1), [MoO 2 (L 4OMe )(EtOH)] (2) and [MoO 2 (L H )(EtOH)] (3) and dioxotungsten(VI) complexes [WO 2 (L 3OMe )(EtOH)] (4), [WO 2 (L 4OMe )(EtOH)] (5) and [WO 2 (L H )] n (6a) was carried out using [MO 2 (C 5 H 7 O 2 ) 2 ] (M = Mo or W) and the corresponding aroylhydrazone ligand H 2 L R (3-methoxysalicylaldehyde 4-hydroxybenzhydrazone (H 2 L 3OMe ), 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde 4-hydroxybenzhydrazone (H 2 L 4OMe ), or salicylaldehyde 4-hydroxybenzhydrazone (H 2 L H ) in ethanol.Compounds obtained upon heating of the mononuclear complexes in acetonitrile or dichloromethane, [MO 2 (L R )] n (1a-6a) or [MoO 2 (L 3OMe )] 2 (1b), respectively, were also investigated. Crystal and molecular structures of the mononuclear 1, 2 and 3, polynuclear 1aÁMeCN and dinuclear 1b complexes were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Powder X-ray diffraction showed isostructurality of 1 and 4, and 2 and 5. The complexes were further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TG and DSC analyses, and one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic performances of 1-5 and 6a were investigated for epoxidation of cyclooctene using aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant.