The New World of Hot Strip Rolling – Achievements at Rizhao Steels’s New ESP Complex Setting New Standards

Linzer, Bernd; Jungbauer, Andreas; Wersching, Günther; Viehböck, Andreas; Chang-jiang, YU; Yao, Yu; Linlei, Qi

doi:10.1007/s00501-016-0519-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…without considering the heat flux from the liquid core to the strand surface. [16] For simplicity, the averaged surface temperature and surface heat flux are assumed to be constant in time; therefore, the surface temperature (y ¼ 0) is Tð0, tÞ ¼ T þ T 0 ð0, tÞ (5) and the surface heat flux iṡ qðtÞ ¼q þq 0 ðtÞ (6) whereq < 0 is the average cooling heat flux andq 0 ðtÞ is the difference between actual and average cooling heat flux.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), [3] Figure 3.3.42, [4,5] ). As the accuracy requirements increase continuously and as new enhanced casting technologies (e.g., very high cooling rates for thin-slab casters [6] and very low cooling rates for local surface temperature increase) necessitate an extension of the range of validity, more detailed information on the cooling heat flux is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Casting Secondary Cooling: Laboratory Heat Transfer Measurements and Accuracy Considerations by Comparison with the Real Situation

Javurek

Mittermair

2020

steel research int.

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In secondary cooling of continuous casting, it is very important to know the cooling heat flux for the actual spray cooling situation with respect to various parameters like the local position, the nozzle types, distances, and the water and air flow rates, to be able to control the cooling conditions precisely. As heat flux measurements on a casting machine are too challenging, experimental laboratory test rigs are designed and used for measurements by different research groups. Therefore, metal probes of different dimensions and materials are heated up to the desired temperature and then exposed to spray nozzles. The heat flux is usually measured by temperature sensors immersed in the probe body, and then determined from the measured temperature using inverse modelling methods. Herein, the differences between the real and laboratory conditions are focused on using a mathematical heat transfer simulation model. The influence of strand surface temperature, nozzle spray water flow conditions, and Leidenfrost effect are pointed out. A procedure to use heatflux data measured on a test rig for cooling control on a real caster despite the different conditions is proposed.

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Section: Heat Transfer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Casting Secondary Cooling: Laboratory Heat Transfer Measurements and Accuracy Considerations by Comparison with the Real Situation

Javurek

Mittermair

2020

steel research int.

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“…Under the brand names CSP® [22], ESP [23], and DUE [24], modern alternatives to conventional hot strip mills are still in operation or will be commissioned in the near future. After continuous casting using arc casting machines, a sufficient core reduction is necessary to provide homogeneous microstructures.…”

Section: Resource Efficient Production Of Steel Stripsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Challenges in the Steel Industry and Consequences for Rolling Plant Technologies

Buchmayr

Degner²,

Palkowski

2018

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Abstract:This paper provides an overview of recent steel market developments considering also the global steel oversupply as well as the installed and planned capacity as recessions in some emerging economies. Especially the enormous Chinese investments combined with their actually decreasing demand are a major reason for the deterioration on the steel market. The general steel demand also declines due to slow growth or even reductions in technology fields like ship building, thermal power plants, infrastructural needs, or even the automotive industry. Nevertheless, environmental and energy-efficient production routes are of primary interest, partly handled by thin strip production processes. TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlled processing) remains a main research field for many applications. Increased demands are expected regarding enhanced strength for light-weight design, improved toughness to ensure safety in case of earthquakes and fires, or improved formability to overcome geometrical limits. New steel grades like bainitic steels, nanocrystalline materials, TWIP-steel or grain-oriented electrical sheet metals have led to advanced quality criteria also for rolling plants. Furthermore, steel has to stay competitive against lightweight metals, CFK, and plastics. Some examples of recent innovative processing optimizations are described requiring not only process monitoring but also model-based simulation and real-time online control. Finally, the article states that new holistic strategies are necessary to overcome future challenges.

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“…There are three similar concepts for thin slap casting and direct rolling of HSLA‐steels, called CSP, ESP, and DUE . It takes about 5 min from continuous casting to coiling, the investment costs are low, the productivity is high and due to the energy savings by more than 30%, the cost of the final product is about 20% lower compared to conventional production.…”

Section: Tm‐processing Applied To Other Forming Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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The basic concept of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) or thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is responsible for the development of many advanced steel grades with improved mechanical properties during the last 50 years. A retroperspective view, an explanation of the most important influencing factors and a presentation of the enormous benefits for the costumer are given in this review. A sound knowledge on the synergism of recrystallization, precipitation, and transformation phenomena forms the basis to produce fine, homogeneous microstructures with improved properties. Starting from structural steels, improvements can be achieved with respect to higher strength and toughness values combined with better weldability and formability, mainly based on reduction of carbon content and finer grain sizes. The benefits in the application areas are described in detail. TMCP is not only used for flat products, but also for long products and forgings of different steel grades. Physical simulation and modeling contribute significantly to these developments, which also form the basis for computer-aided control or real-time online-models. In the next years, a complete shift to cyber physical systems (CPS) is predicted, which needs an aligned education effort. REVIEW A Brief Historical ReviewSince the mid-sixties, steel mills began to produce fine grained structural steels by lowering the final rolling temperature. Based on fundamental research in Germany, USA, UK, Germany, and Japan, the fundamental understanding was further developed in metallurgical laboratories. Pioneers at that time were Haneke, [10] Schmidtmann, [11,12] Meyer, [13,14] Kaspar, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Streißelberger, [9,15,[25][26][27] DeArdo, [28,29] Jonas, [30][31][32][33] Sellars, [34][35][36][37] Hodgson, [38][39][40][41][42] Tamura und Tanaka, [43] Saito, [44] Ouchi, [45] Militzer, [46,47] and many others. The basic idea was to improve the strength and toughness behavior of structural steels by grain refining. Compared to conventional hot rolling at high rolling temperatures, the new steels were rolled at lower final rolling temperature. It was found that repeated recrystallization of the austenite structures leads to a decrease of grain size, but there is a limit, which is difficult to overcome. Deformation at temperatures, where no recrystallization takes place was successful in the conditioning of austenite having a dense population of glide planes, high dislocation density, and a high intrinsic energy, which provided a high density of nucleation sites for the transformation products of austenite.At the beginning, mainly ferrite plus pearlite microstructures were considered and later the role of rapid cooling became an additional opportunity to increase the strength level.Higher cooling rates or higher undercooling increase the driving force and with a lower diffusivity a finer microstructure like bainite and martensite can be reached.A comparison of the contributions of the strengthening mechanism in a commercial hot rolle...

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The New World of Hot Strip Rolling – Achievements at Rizhao Steels’s New ESP Complex Setting New Standards

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Continuous Casting Secondary Cooling: Laboratory Heat Transfer Measurements and Accuracy Considerations by Comparison with the Real Situation

Continuous Casting Secondary Cooling: Laboratory Heat Transfer Measurements and Accuracy Considerations by Comparison with the Real Situation

Future Challenges in the Steel Industry and Consequences for Rolling Plant Technologies

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

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