The Nile in the Sudan

The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous

“…In the Sudan, the Nile traverses the Sudd, which in the Tertiary may have been a series of lake basins (Salama, 1987), though whether such a lake existed and how big it was is a matter of dispute (see Berry and Whiteman, 1968). …”

“…Williams and Williams (1980, p. 221) suggested that dthe first definitive evidence of Nile flow from Ethiopia through Sudan to Egypt and the Mediterranean is so far only of Lower Quaternary ageT, whereas Adamson et al (1993, p. 83) considered that dthe Nile northwards from Ethiopia and from central to southern Sudan dates from at least sometime in the MioceneT. On the other hand, Berry and Whiteman (1968) rejected the idea that the Nile is a very young river and were of the opinion (p. 1) that:…”

Paleogeographic evolution and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Sudd area during the Early-Mid Holocene, Sudan

“…Radiometric dating using C 14 , conducted on the lake sediments, suggests that the lake has lasted from 5.253 to 11.300 Ka B.P. (Berry and Whiteman, 1968).…”

Late Cenozoic sedimentation in the Allia Bay area, East Rudolf (Turkana) Basin, Kenya

“…The Turkana depression began to form in the Miocene between the Ethiopian and Kenyan domes (Saggerson and Baker, 1965;Berry and Whitman, 1968 (Patterson et al_., 1970;Fitch and Vendra, 1976).…”

“…Following the Cretaceous-Eocene arching and a period of quiesence, the Baringo-Saguta graben was formed during the Miocene as part of the Turkana depression (Saggerson and Baker, 1965;Berry and Whitman, 1968; Fitch and Vondra, 1976). The Lake Rudolf basin formed in the Baringo-Saguta graben and has been a sediment trap from the Miocene to the present (Walsh and Dodson, 1969;Patterson e^ , 1970;Butzer, 1971;de Heinzelin £1»» 1971;Vondra and Bowen, 1976).…”