The Non‐Specific Enhancement of Allergy

Abstract

PVG rats given injections of 1 microgram ovalbumin (OA) together with 10 mg Silica gel failed to provide serosal mast cells or lung tissue with the capacity to release histamine on in vitro challenge with the antigen. However, if such animals were injected i.p. with 100 mg of alum (without any further antigen addition) 3-9 weeks after the primary antigen injection, their mast cells and lung tissue showed a clear-cut capacity to respond in vitro, when examined 1 week after the alum injection. Injection of only 15 mg alum did not induce such a response capacity. The fading of the reactivity induced by an alum injection could be prevented by a repeated injection of the adjuvant alone. Pretreatment of the rats with cyclophosphamide (33 mg/kg) 2 days before the primary antigen injection did not affect the response capacity induced by a booster injection 3 weeks later. S.c. injection of alum also precipitated response capacity in animals primed by i.p. injection of antigen and Silica gel. The anaphylactic response capacity induced by injection(s) of alum was generally accompanied by increased levels of OA-IgE and especially OA-IgG2a antibody; however, a clear-cut correlation between either serosal mast cell or lung tissue response capacity and serum OA-IgE or IgG2a antibody titer could not be demonstrated. These data show that in primed animals, which do not express allergic response capacity, such a capacity can be induced by injecting adjuvant alone, even several weeks after the primary antigen injection.

Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as an adjuvant for staphylococcal enterotoxin B toxoid which enhances the level of toxin-neutralizing antibodies

“…Plasma samples were obtained at 10-day intervals, and the IgG antitoxin titer was determined by endpoint titration in an RIA with solid-phase-adsorbed SEB toxin. more than 500 times the response to the free toxoid (3,200 versus 1,638,400). Although the CFA-adjuvanted vaccine appeared to be marginally better at maintaining a very high titer at later time points, it induced the formation of a large granulomatous lesion at the site of injection.…”

“…Fortyeight hours after the intravenous injection of 5 jig of toxin into unimmunized mice, the proportion of the splenic CD3+ cells bearing V,B8 had increased from -33 to -51%, while the proportion of the toxin-insensitive V136 subpopulation fell from -14 to -10% (Table 3). Immunization with 50 jig of free toxoid 30 days prior to challenge (time of the peak plasma IgG antitoxin response; titer of 3,200) provided partial protection against a 5-,ug dose of toxin but none when b SEB toxoid (50 p.g) in 0.5 ml of PBS injected subcutaneously.…”

Increased Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity is Noted in Alminum-induced Occupational Asthma

“…Indeed, in animal studies, aluminum increases the reactive capacity of mast cells and lung tissue to ovalbumin, an effect which is accompanied by increased levels of IgE or IgG2-antibodies. Such non-specific precipitation of allergy has not been established in humans, however, and Bergstrom et al 25 ) . had not noted a general increase of IgE response with aluminum-salt exposure.…”

Protective efficacy of mycobacterial 71-kDa cell wall associated protein using poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as carrier vehicles

“…However, they are generally associated with non‐specific activation of the immune system, toxicity and instability [1]. Currently, aluminum containing formulations have been approved for human use but they cannot be lyophilized and can cause allergic reactions during booster immunizations [2]. This has created an acute need to identify other pharmaceutically acceptable, controlled antigen delivery systems.…”