The Noninvasive Measurement of Central Aortic Blood Pressure Waveform

Abstract

Central aortic pressure (CAP) is a potential surrogate of brachial blood pressure in both clinical practice and routine health screening. It directly reflects the status of the central aorta. Noninvasive measurement of CAP becomes a crucial technique of great interest. There have been advances in recent years, including the proposal of novel methods and commercialization of several instruments. This chapter briefly introduces the clinical importance of CAP and the theoretical basis for the generation of CAP in the first and second sections. The third section describes and discusses the measurement of peripheral blood pressure waveforms, which is employed to estimate CAP. We then review the proposed methods for the measurement of CAP. The calibration of blood pressure waveforms is discussed in the fourth section. After a brief discussion of the technical limitations, we give suggestions for perspectives and future challenges.

Central Over Peripheral Blood Pressure: An Emerging Issue in Hypertension Research

“…All the devices/methods have their pros and cons and should be carefully and rigorously validated with a standardised method before entering the market, as this was emphasised by a Consensus Task Force that was organised by the ARTERY Society [32]. A detailed account of devices and their characteristics [33] is beyond the scope of this article and the reader is encouraged to refer to this Consensus. A main issue, nevertheless, regarding validation of these devices is the disparity of non-invasive central blood pressure (BP) devices as to what is being measured and how central BP are being estimated [34].…”

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023

“…No entanto, sofre grande crítica pela forma como esses dispositivos são calibrados, visto que tendem a subestimar a verdadeira pressão intra-arterial braquial e, consequentemente, a PAC. 1 , 212 - 219…”

Blood Pressure Variability in Clinical Practice: Past, Present and the Future

“… 35 Various noninvasive methods are available for the estimation of central BP. 36 However, current guidelines for the management of hypertension are based on brachial cuff BP measurements only. 37 The issue of site selection when measuring BP is of critical importance, as it is widely acknowledged that BP is not the same throughout the body at a given time, and one site's BP measurements cannot be substituted or used to infer results from a different site.…”