“…In this approach we remove the demand constraints and use them to introduce a new cost function, including the expected extra cost, increasing with the discrepancy between the actual value of the demand and the size of delivery. This approach has been used in such classic papers as Williams (1963), Cooper and LeBlanc (1977), but also in more recent ones, such as Holmberg and Jörnsten (1984), Holmberg (1995), Qi (1985Qi ( , 1987 and Anholcer (2012Anholcer ( , 2015. It is also worth mentioning that this approach is related to the classical Newsvendor Problem which has been known at least from the moment of the publication of Edgeworth (1888), and then analyzed and generalized by numerous authors, see e.g.…”