The Novel Perspectives Opened by ST2 in the Pandemic: A Review of Its Role in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Heart Failure and COVID-19

Miftode, Radu-Ștefan; Petriş, Antoniu; Aursulesei, Viviana; Cianga, Corina; Costache, Irina‐Iuliana; Mitu, Ovidiu; Miftode, Ionela-Larisa; Șerban, Ionela-Lăcrămioara

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020175

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In this study, we examined the presence of soluble HSP27, sST2, TNFR1, cCK18, and 20S proteasome in serum samples obtained at hospital admission from patients with COVID-19. We confirmed previous studies which showed elevated sST2 levels in severe and fatal COVID-19 cases [30]- [32]. We also identified sST2 as an potential prognostic marker of overall mortality, 30-,60-and 90-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome in Patients with COVID-19

Wendt¹,

Lingitz²,

Laggner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV 2) represents one of the biggest challenges in the world today, the exact immunopathogenic mechanism that leads to severe or critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has remained incompletely understood. Several studies have indicated that high systemic plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines result in the so-called “cytokine storm”, with subsequent development of microthrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan-failure. Therefore, we reasoned that elevated inflammatory cytokine might act as prognostic factors. Here, we analyzed 245 serum samples of patients with COVID-19, collected at hospital admission. We assessed the levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity- 2 (sST2), caspase cleaved cytokeratin 18 (cCK18), 20S proteasome, and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1) and explored their associations with overall-, 30-, 60-, 90-day- and in-hospital mortality. Moreover, we investigated their association with the risk of ventilation. We demonstrated that increased serum sST2 was uni- and multivariably associated with all endpoints. However, we also identified 20S proteasome as independent prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, elevated HSP27, sST2, and 20S proteasome levels at hospital admission were univariably associated with higher risk of invasive ventilation. These findings could help to identify high-risk patients early in the course of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome in Patients with COVID-19

Wendt¹,

Lingitz²,

Laggner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Concluding, the promising role of sST2 is strongly supported by the recent researches on pulmonary diseases (asthma, ARDS, fi brosis) [26] and post COVID-19 heart failure [27].…”

Section: Role Of St2 As a Biomarker Of Respiratory Dysfunction After Interstitial Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 84%

Role of ST2 as a biomarker of respiratory dysfunction after interstitial pneumonia

Cedrone¹,

Marino²,

Suppa³

et al. 2021

Open J Asthma

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Through stern social restraint measures, Italy has recently overcome the epidemic peak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) respiratory syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the attention is progressively moving toward its sequelae, especially on pulmonary fi brosis and the associated pulmonary functional decline [1-3].To date, these events remain speculative, although, in the recent past, syndromes similar to COVID-19 with long term sequelae, have been sustained by other members of Coronaviridae Family, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

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“…Given the increased prevalence of AF and atrial remodeling among patients with HF, several studies aimed to evaluate the utility of HF biomarkers in detecting ACM. Denysiak et al proved that soluble interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) is a marker of advanced functional remodeling in patients with AF, and is associated with significantly longer ablation procedures independent of LA size [44], while other authors reported that increased LA volumes are correlated with higher serum ST2, marked fibrosis and poor outcome in patients with HF [45].…”

Section: Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Insights into Mechanisms behind Atrial Cardiomyopathy: It Is Not always about Ventricular Function

et al. 2021

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Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) represents a constantly evolving concept, with increasing importance in contemporary research and clinical practice. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in atrial remodeling and its clinical correlations especially with atrial fibrillation (AF) and other cardiometabolic comorbidities may induce a significant impact on the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approach of ACM-related comorbidities. Although initially described several decades ago, investigators have only recently highlighted that several renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases are determining factors for atrial remodeling and subsequent ACM. Based on data from multiple recent studies, our research emphasizes the correlations between ACM and other coexisting pathologies including cardiovascular, respiratory, or metabolic diseases, with fibrosis being the most incriminated pathophysiological mechanism. In addition to the usual tests, the paraclinical assessment of ACM is increasingly based on the use of various cardiac biomarkers, while the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an increasingly tempting diagnostic too for describing morphofunctional aspects of the heart chambers, with the gadolinium contrast enhanced CMR (LGE-CMR) emerging as a commonly used technique aiming to identify and quantify the precise extent of atrial fibrosis. Further research should be conducted in order to clarify our knowledge regarding atrial remodeling and, therefore, to develop new and improved therapeutic approaches in these patients.

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The Novel Perspectives Opened by ST2 in the Pandemic: A Review of Its Role in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Heart Failure and COVID-19

Cited by 27 publications

References 84 publications

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome in Patients with COVID-19

Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome in Patients with COVID-19

Role of ST2 as a biomarker of respiratory dysfunction after interstitial pneumonia

Latest Insights into Mechanisms behind Atrial Cardiomyopathy: It Is Not always about Ventricular Function

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