The number and size of mammalian glomeruli as related to kidney and to body weight, with methods for their enumeration and measurement

Rytand, David A.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000620406

Cited by 96 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The first depends on counting the glom eruli in a series of sections taken from a given volume of renal tissue [9]. The second, which makes use of the resistance of Bowman's capsules to trauma consists of grinding up a given volume of renal tissue and placing a known volume of saline suspension of the material in a counting chamber [10], The method used in this study is a modification of the second one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abovementioned studies used the counting principle first described. R ytand [10] who counted the glomeruli in a suspension of a known volume of renal tissue made counts from animals only. The results in this study show a little higher number of glomeruli than in most previous studies but it is noteworthy that in both kidneys of the same individual the glomerular number is approxi mately the same which is in agreement with the studies of M oore [11], The counting from each kidney was done at different times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Number of Nephrons in Normal Human Kidneys and Kidneys of Patients with the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome

Tryggvason

Kouvalainen

1975

Nephron

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A method of graded sieving for counting of glomeruli in removed kidneys is described. The number of nephrons (glomeruli) in six normal kidneys deriving from autopsies of three children 22–73 months of age was 1.82 ± 0.35 × 10⁶. The results give a little higher number than most previous studies with which they are compared. In the kidneys of two 10- and 15-month-old patients with the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type the mean number of nephrons was 3.17 ± 0.52 × 10⁶ which is on the average 73 % higher than in the normal kidneys studied. The number of nephrons in kidneys of five other patients showed an average of at least 3.42 ± 0.30 × 10⁶ the counting method being a little different. The unusually high number of nephrons in CNF kidneys seems to be fully evident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of Nephrons in Normal Human Kidneys and Kidneys of Patients with the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome

Tryggvason

Kouvalainen

1975

Nephron

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“…25, Fig. 13, the thick limbs of mid-IS were found to have an outer diameter of ϳ28 m in rats of ϳ250 g. If we assume that the rat kidney has 30,000 nephrons (52,65), then all thick limbs would occupy 0.1874 cm 2 . In Ref.…”

Section: Parameters For Regionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results

Layton¹

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

144

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Layton, Anita T., and Harold E. Layton. A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1346 -F1366, 2005. First published May 24, 2005 doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00346.2003.-We have developed a highly detailed mathematical model for the urine concentrating mechanism (UCM) of the rat kidney outer medulla (OM). The model simulates preferential interactions among tubules and vessels by representing four concentric regions that are centered on a vascular bundle; tubules and vessels, or fractions thereof, are assigned to anatomically appropriate regions. Model parameters, which are based on the experimental literature, include transepithelial transport properties of short descending limbs inferred from immunohistochemical localization studies. The model equations, which are based on conservation of solutes and water and on standard expressions for transmural transport, were solved to steady state. Model simulations predict significantly differing interstitial NaCl and urea concentrations in adjoining regions. Active NaCl transport from thick ascending limbs (TALs), at rates inferred from the physiological literature, resulted in model osmolality profiles along the OM that are consistent with tissue slice experiments. TAL luminal NaCl concentrations at the corticomedullary boundary are consistent with tubuloglomerular feedback function. The model exhibited solute exchange, cycling, and sequestration patterns (in tubules, vessels, and regions) that are generally consistent with predictions in the physiological literature, including significant urea addition from long ascending vasa recta to inner-stripe short descending limbs. In a companion study (Layton AT and Layton HE. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1367-F1381, 2005, the impact of model assumptions, medullary anatomy, and tubular segmentation on the UCM was investigated by means of extensive parameter studies. kidney; countercurrent multiplication; countercurrent exchange; NaCl transport; urea transport CONCENTRATED URINE, i.e., urine having an osmolality exceeding that of blood plasma, is produced by the absorption of water, in excess of solute, from the medullary collecting ducts (CDs). In the outer medulla (OM), water absorption from CDs is driven by vigorous active transport of NaCl from the thick ascending limbs (TALs) into the interstitium; at each medullary level, this transport results in an osmolality difference between the TALs and other medullary structures. This difference, frequently called the "single effect," is augmented (or "multiplied") by the countercurrent flow configuration of renal tubules and vasa recta, to generate a substantial osmolality gradient along the corticomedullary axis, a gradient that is believed to be common to all OM structures. In the inner medulla (IM), however, the means by which water is absorbed from CDs remains undetermined (20, 67).Substantial effort has been directed to constructing mathematical models...

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“…4 by plotting SNGFR against the simultaneously determined GFR of the whole kidney. It has been demonstrated (30)(31)(32) that there are approximately 30,000 nephrons in the rat kidney. If all are functioning at the same rate, the product of SNGFR X 30,000 should yield a close approximation of whole kidney GFR and the observed values should fall on or about the solid line shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micropuncture Study of Postobstructive Diuresis in the Rat

Yarger¹,

Aynedjian²,

Bank³

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

100

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A B S T R A C T In order to investigate the syndrome of postobstructive diuresis, clearance and micropuncture studies were carried out in rats after relief of 24 hr of bilateral (BUL) or unilateral (UUL) ureteral ligation. In rats with BUL, a striking diuresis and natriuresis occurred when the obstruction to one kidney (the experimental kidney) was relieved. The results were not influenced by administration of vasopressin or d-aldosterone. Whole kidney clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in the experimental kidney were reduced to 10% and 20% of normal, respectively. Superficial nephron inulin and PAH clearances were also reduced, but only to 40% and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a heterogeneity of nephron function in which deep nephrons were functioning poorly or not at all. To investigate the site of impaired tubular reabsorption in the surface nephrons, absolute and fractional water reabsorption was measured. Absolute reabsorption was found to be decreased all along the nephron. Fractional reabsorption in proximal tubules was normal, as indicated *by an average endproximal tubular fluid per plasma inulin (TF/Pi.) of 2.16 vs. 2.30 in controls. TF/Pri was markedly decreased in distal tubules (2.91 vs. 8.02) and final urine (5.56 vs. 263). These observations indicate that the major sites of impaired sodium reabsorption leading to the diuresis were beyond the proximal tubule.

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The number and size of mammalian glomeruli as related to kidney and to body weight, with methods for their enumeration and measurement

Cited by 96 publications

References 7 publications

Number of Nephrons in Normal Human Kidneys and Kidneys of Patients with the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome

Number of Nephrons in Normal Human Kidneys and Kidneys of Patients with the Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome

A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results

A Micropuncture Study of Postobstructive Diuresis in the Rat

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