The nutritive and manurial values of sugar beet tops

Woodman, H. E.; Bee, J. W.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600018773

Cited by 3 publications

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“…may be cited in support of this statement, such values being characteristic of concentrated foods rather than of coarse fodders or green fodders. Further emphasis to this finding is given by the data in Table IX, in which the data for marrow stem kale are compared with corresponding figures for green oats and vetches (15), lucerne in flower (16), medium meadow hay (17), sugar-beet tops (18) and pasture grass cut at monthly intervals (19). The data in Table IX show that marrow stem kale is superior in digestibility to green oats and vetches, flowering lucerne and medium meadow hay, and compares favourably in this respect with sugar-beet tops and pasture grass cut at monthly intervals.…”

Section: Comments On Table VIIImentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

1936

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The paper records the results of an investigation into the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of marrow stem kale (both unthinned and singled-out) and thousand head kale. A number of the main findings are recorded below.The average dry-matter content of unthinned marrow stem kale during September and October was 13·3 per cent. During the following January it had reached a slightly higher level, namely, 14·2 per cent. Singling out of the marrow stem kale appeared to exercise little effect on the dry-matter content of the crop. Thousand head kale, with an average dry-matter content of 15·8 per cent., is significantly richer in dry matter than the marrow stem kale, although this advantage was offset by the lower yield, in terms of green matter, given per acre by the thousand head kale.

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Section: Comments On Table VIIImentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

1936

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Studies on the oxalate contents of the leaves of certain varieties of Beta vulgaris

Baker

Eden

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Studies were made during the 1951 and 1952 seasons of the oxalate contents of the leaves of mangolds, sugar mangolds and fodder sugar beet.2. In all varieties greater concentrations of total oxalates were found during the summer months, the amounts diminishing gradually as the season advanced. Up to 12% was found in the dry-matter of mangold leaves and 9% in fodder sugar-beet leaves in July, these levels falling to 3% by mid-winter. There is some evidence that these changes are due in part to loss of outer leaves.3. Roughly one-third of the oxalates are present in water-soluble form. The addition of 1 part of chalk to 1000 parts of leaves, as has been generally recommended, is theoretically sufficient to render unavailable the soluble oxalates present during winter, but insufficient for leaves fed earlier hi the season.4. A number of observations showed small reductions in the soluble oxalate contents of the leaves due to wilting, but there were exceptions to this, and these appear to be related to sampling periods rather than to varieties.5. Insoluble oxalates appear to be unaffected by wilting and may show apparent increases in amount due to respiration losses of labile leaf constituents. The insoluble/soluble oxalate ratio is thus changed by wilting.6. It is suggested that the undesirable effects sometimes resulting from the feeding of beet leaves to livestock may not be due to oxalates, but that other factors present, which are labile during wilting, may be involved.

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The Rgle of Cellulose in Nutrition

Woodman

1930

Biological Reviews

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Summary. The question of the rôle which cellulose plays in nutrition is of particular importance to the agriculturist, since fibre constitutes a very significant part of the normal rations of farm animals. The fibre in plants and feeding stuffs consists of cellulose, admixed with varying amounts of lignocellulose. In the young plant, the cell walls are composed almost wholly of cellulose. The latter is digested in the ruminant tract almost to the same extent as is the carbohydrate component. As the plant matures, however, the cell walls become toughened by the deposition of the incrusting substance, lignocellulose. The latter is entirely indigestible. The process of lignification is accompanied, therefore, by a diminution in the digestibility of the fibre of the crop. In other words, the digestibility of fibre is inversely proportional to its content of lignocellulose. For reasons made clear in the text, the digestibility of the other food nutrients, such as protein, oil and carbohydrate, also displays a corresponding running‐off during lignification. Ruminant animals have the greatest power of digesting the fibre in feeding stuffs. Although swine are able to assimilate the cellulose of non‐lignified feeding stuffs almost as completely as can sheep and cattle, they are unable to make such good use of lignified fibre. Horses can digest the fibre in their rations, but not with the degree of efficiency displayed by ruminants. In the human alimentary tract, the less resistant forms of cellulose are digested quite readily, while the power of certain invertebrates to subsist on cellulose is very marked. Birds are able to utilise the fibre in their food to a limited extent. Our knowledge of the value of cellulose in the nutrition of farm animals is derived from the results of Kellner's investigations. Kellner has shown that if 1 lb. of pure, finely divided cellulose be added to the maintenance ration of a bullock, as much fat, namely ½ lb., will be formed in the body of the animal as would be produced by the addition of 1 lb. of starch or other digestible polysaccharide. The starch equivalent of digestible cellulose is unity. Under ordinary conditions of feeding, however, when the cellulose is embedded in indigestible fibre, the net starch equivalent derived from 1 lb. of digestible fibre is less than unity, since a deduction must be made on account of the energy used up by the animal in masticating the indigestible portion and in separating the cellulose from the incrusta. The presence of cyto‐hydrolytic enzymes has been demonstrated in seeds and other plant tissues, in the hepato‐pancreatic secretions of several species of land snails and in the saliva of certain insects. The breakdown of cellulose in the digestive tracts of higher animals, however, is not the work of a cytase present in any of the digestive secretions, although it is conceivable that the cytases present in certain types of plant food may become active under the favourable conditions provided by the alimentary canal. Digestion of cellulose in the anim...

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The nutritive and manurial values of sugar beet tops

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

Studies on the oxalate contents of the leaves of certain varieties of Beta vulgaris

The Rgle of Cellulose in Nutrition

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