The Nutritive Value of Colostrum for the Calf

Roy, J. H. B.; Shillam, K. W. G.; Palmer, June; Ingram, P. L.

doi:10.1079/bjn19550014

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In this study the youngest calf on which reliable and repeated observations were recorded was 18 days old. No uncertainty existed in the minds of the observers in relation to the observations for subsequent months, and the general pattern of progressively increasing total rumination with age is considered to be reliable, and is in agreement with the observations recorded in Britain by Roy, Shillam & Palmer (1955).…”

Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Among the calves 86 % of all recorded rumination occurred while they were lying down. This compares with 94-8 % reported by Roy et al (1955) for calves in Britain.…”

Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The equivalent ratios derived from the data of Roy et al (1955) and Chambers (1959) tend to be slightly lower, in the range 0-8-1-2 to 1, for bucketfed calves in Britain within the same age range, and Corbett's (1953) data from New Zealand offers a ratio of 0-45 to 1, or less if 'low-intensity' grazing is included, for 11-week-old calves at grazing, which ruminated for only 2 hr. per day.…”

Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the habits of zebu cattle in Tanganyika

et al. 1962

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1. The habits of five Tanganyika Shorthorn zebus and their suckling calves were studied during periods of 72 consecutive hours at monthly intervals in each of the first 6 months of the calves' lives, during the ‘dry’ season of the year.2. Cows grazed for 7·16 hr. per day while grass was green and plentiful, but, as grazing became dry and sparse, they ate silage at night for up to 3 hr., and reduced their grazing time by about 2 hr. The ratio of rumination time to eating time tended to increase as grazing became drier and as silage eating increased. The average ratio was 1·01 to 1.3. All calves were actively grazing for 4·0 hr. per day by the second month, and for 5·6 hr. per day by the fifth month. They ate silage diffidently in the second month, but they were eating silage for 1·7 hr. per night at 6 months. Rumination was observed in a calf at 18 days of age, but was consistently observed in the second month when calves ruminated for 6·1 hr. per day. The ratio of rumination time to grazing time for calves declined from 1·5 to 1 in the second month to 1·1 to 1 in the fifth month. Rumination time among calves was more closely related to silage eating than to grazing time.4. The calves acted as individuals in the first month, and thereafter their eating habits were determined more by their dam than by their age. Day-time rumination pattern was a characteristic of the age of calf, but night-time rumination by calves was more closely correlated to that of their dams.5. Calves suckled for an average period of 9·2 min. per suckle. There was very little variation with age, but frequency of suckles decreased from 9·5 times per day at 1 month to 5·6 times per day at 6 months. The fastest-growing calf suckled less frequently for shorter periods, suggesting readier availabilty of more milk.6. Suckling intensity was evenly spread over the 24 hr. during the first 2 months, but thereafter suckling became increasingly confined to nighttime while the cattle were yarded.7. It was concluded that artificial feeding divided into three equal feeds per day at 05.00, 13.00 and 21.00 hr. for the first 2 months, followed by two equal feeds per day at 05.00 and 18.00 hr., would be reasonably consistent with natural suckling activities if restrictive feeding has to be applied. But further work is required to determine the cost, in terms of reduced efficiency of milk utilization, incurred by concentration of intake to restricted feeding times.

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Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Among the calves 86 % of all recorded rumination occurred while they were lying down. This compares with 94-8 % reported by Roy et al (1955) for calves in Britain.…”

Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Calves' 1 Ruminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of the habits of zebu cattle in Tanganyika

et al. 1962

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“…cold milk could eliminate individual and hand feeding. The object of the present experiment was Early work on the rearing of calves at pasture in to assess the effect of varying the length of the ad Great Britain (Lampkin & Parkin, 1955; Roy, libitum milk feeding period, hence the amount of Shillam & Palmer, 1955) indicated that live-weight milk substitute consumed, on the pre-and postgains comparable with conventional indoor methods weaning live-weight gains of spring-born calves could be expected. Preston (1957) concluded that reared at pasture, inclement weather and insufficient availability of feed energy as a result of a low daily intake of cold, EXPERIMENTAL wet herbage were factors most likely to cause poor performance by calves reared at pasture; he Thirty-two Friesian heifer calves were purchased suggested that parasitic worm burdens were of only from various herds at an average age of 10 days secondary importance.…”

Section: _ _ _ _ _ _ "mentioning

confidence: 99%

The artificial rearing of calves and their growth on grass diets: II. The effect of length of period of feeding cold milk substitute to spring–born calves at pasture

Lonsdale

Tayler

1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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An experiment was conducted with 32 spring-born Friesian heifer calves, purchased at an average age of 10 days and fed on cold reconstituted milk substitute at pasture.The milk feeding treatments were 4, 4£, 6J and 9J weeks in length, during which time calves consumed an average of 17, 23, 43 and 70 kg dry matter/head of milk substitute respectively. The differences between treatment mean live-weight gains for 10£ weeks of the experiment were highly significant (P < O'OOl): the gains were 0-49, 0-43, 0-64 and 0-78 kg/head/day. There was no significant difference between mean rates of live-weight gain after the tenth week so that the overall treatment-mean live-weight gains for the first 23 weeks, which were 0-65, 0-61, 0-72 and 0-74 kg/head/day, strongly reflected the length of the milk-feeding period and demonstrated no significant compensatory growth by the calves.Twenty of these animals were housed for the subsequent winter period and were returned to pasture for a second grazing season. These were artificially inseminated as their individual live weights reached approximately 320 kg. Animals weaned after only 4 weeks of milk feeding took an average of 7 weeks longer to reach live weights of 320 kg than these receiving milk for 9£ weeks. There were no marked indications of compensatory growth during this extended period of observations. _ _ _ . _ _ _ " cold milk could eliminate individual and hand feeding. The object of the present experiment was Early work on the rearing of calves at pasture in to assess the effect of varying the length of the ad Great Britain (Lampkin & Parkin, 1955; Roy, libitum milk feeding period, hence the amount of Shillam & Palmer, 1955) indicated that live-weight milk substitute consumed, on the pre-and postgains comparable with conventional indoor methods weaning live-weight gains of spring-born calves could be expected. Preston (1957) concluded that reared at pasture, inclement weather and insufficient availability of feed energy as a result of a low daily intake of cold, EXPERIMENTAL wet herbage were factors most likely to cause poor performance by calves reared at pasture; he Thirty-two Friesian heifer calves were purchased suggested that parasitic worm burdens were of only from various herds at an average age of 10 days secondary importance. Chambers & Alder (1960) during a period of 3 weeksinMarch 1966. The calves reared spring-born calves, which were provided with were kept indoors in individual pens for 3 days and shelter, on newly sown pasture free from helminth were then transferred in groups of four to small parasites: live-weight gains were comparable with paddocks on pasture. Each paddock contained a similar calves reared indoors. metal shelter 8 ft in diameter. Previous work on artificial outdoor rearing of During the period indoors, the calves were introcalves has involved the hand-feeding of warm milk, duced to the method of feeding milk substitute The first experiments in this series (Tayler & described by Tayler &Lonsdale (1969), except that Lonsdale, 1969) showed th...

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“…Of this solution I ml (1.5 mg stilboestrol) was given in the milk at the morning feed to calves on treatment 39 and control calves were given I ml of solvent. Calves Collection and management of the calves and treatment at the onset of scouring were as in an earlier experiment (Roy, Shillam, Palmer & Ingram, 1955). Heart rate was measured by auscultation over the chest with a stethoscope, and respiration rate by observation of the flank movements.…”

Section: Plan Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%