The nutritive value of ground and pelleted barley straw. I. Ground and pelleted v. long straw for growing Ayrshire heifers

Burt, A. W. A.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600060391

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The moisture content of the straw used was high. The proximate composition of the straw shown in Table 2 differed from that reported for ground straw by Burt (1966). Although the crude protein contents compare favourably, the crude fibre content of the chopped straw used in the present experiment was almost 50 % compared with 39 % in the ground straw used by Burt (1966).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The over-all dry matter intakes were similar for both breed types on all three treatments and were lower than those reported by Lamming et al (1966) for similar sized animals on cubed diets. The results of other workers (Wise et al 1965;Burt, 1966;Raven, Forbes & Irwin, 1969) would suggest that the addition of roughage tends to increase over-all dry matter intake. When expressed in terms of intake per unit body weight the over-all dry matter intake of the Friesian steers was slightly higher than that of the Hereford cross steers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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The use of coarsely chopped barley straw in high concentrate diets for beef cattle

Forbes¹,

Irwin²,

Raven³

1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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An experiment was carried out in which the performance of cattle given diets containing 20 and 40 % of coarsely chopped straw (1-3 in lengths) was compared with that of similar cattle given an all-concentrate diet. Each diet was offered ad libitum and twelve Hereford cross steers and twelve Friesian steers were used in the experiment. The live-weight gains and food conversion ratios were significantly better for the Hereford cross animals but there was no significant difference in over-all dry matter intakes. When the combined response of both breed types was considered there was a significantly linear decrease in live-weight gain with increasing straw intake, to the extent of 0-95 kg per week for each 10% increase in straw intake up to 40% in the diet. Similarly there was a significant increase in the conversion ratios of dry matter (P < 0-001) and organic matter (P < 0-01) with increasing straw intake. The effect on the dry matter conversion ratio was an increase of 1-67 units for each 10 % increase in straw intake.Two digestibility trials were carried out, one with coarsely chopped straw and one with coarsely milled straw, the levels of straw in the diets being the same. There was a slight decline in the digestibility of most constituents associated with milling but reductions were not very pronounced. A treatment was included in the second trial in which milled straw was included at 20 % of the diet without maintaining the over-all crude protein content of the diet. The apparent digestibility of the organic matter was 5 percentage units lower with this treatment than with that containing the same level of straw in which the level of protein had been maintained.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The use of coarsely chopped barley straw in high concentrate diets for beef cattle

Forbes¹,

Irwin²,

Raven³

1969

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…The pattern of molar proportions of VFA with processed straws was similar to that established with long straw (Smith, Broster & Siviter, 1980), except that acetate was reduced by grinding the straw, as found by Balch et al (1965) and Burt (1966). The mean acetate: propionate ratio throughout the trials was 4-4:1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The effects of grinding, either with or without NaOH treatment, on the utilization of straw by yearling dairy cattle

Smith¹,

Broster²,

Broster³

et al. 1981

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYProcessed straw, both ground and ground–NaOH treated, has been compared with long straw in diets of straw and concentrates fed to yearling dairy heifers. Protein allowances were varied by the addition of fishmeal.Improved growth rate was consistently observed with those animals receiving fishmeal. When a fixed amount of barley straw was offered neither digestibility nor growth was affected by the form of the straw. With wheat straw grinding–NaOH treatment resulted in increased growth when fed in diets containing some long roughage. Voluntary intake of straw was additively increased by grinding and by treatment with 5% (w/w) NaOH. Ground-NaOH treatment of straw increased in vitro digestibility.

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“…Shaw (1961) reviewed the subject and himself carried out trials with cod-liver oil as did Nicholson, Cunningham & Friend (1962 a, b) and Broster, Sutton, Tuck & Balch (1965). Rook, Balch, Campling & Fisher (1963) studied volatile fatty acid supplements; and Burt (1966) ground straw. Here it is necessary only to comment that these experiments all showed increases in either nitrogen balance or live-weight gain from additional energy.…”

Section: General Form Of the Response Curve In Growth To Protein And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on the nutrition of the dairy heifer: VII. Observations on the effect of the energy intake on the utilization of protein in growth and in lactation

et al. 1969

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Eight feeding trials on cattle showed that the response in live-weight gain was curvilinear when protein or energy level was varied independently in rations based on poor quality roughages to which cereals and groundnut were variously added to give a range of protein and energy intakes. Live-weight gain was increased by 0-12 lb/day for each 0-1 lb additional digestible crude protein/day at levels of intake below 0-7 lb/day and by 0-03 lb/day at higher levels. It was increased by 0-4 lb/day for each additional 0-1 lb starch equivalent daily/100 lb live weight at total intakes below 0-9 lb daily/ 100 lb and by 0-2 lb/day at higher levels. Over the range 0-5-2-0 lb digestible crude protein daily and 0-7-1-2 lb starch equivalent daily/100 lb live weight the effects of these nutrients were additive.A Latin square nitrogen balance trial demonstrated that a portion of the nitrogen from a protein supplement was retained in the body despite the excretion of the greater part of it in the urine and a further part in the faeces. Nitrogen retention was increased by a supplement of readily available energy through a decrease in urinary nitrogen loss. Nitrogen balance was not increased by a supplement of a fibrous energy source because this induced an increase in faecal nitrogen loss.In a further feeding trial milk yield was found to be affected in a similar manner to growth. At a yield of 30 lb/day the response per lb starch equivalent added to the diet was 0-5 lb milk including 0-05 lb solids not fat and to an increase of 0-1 lb digestible crude protein daily it was 0-25 lb milk including 0-025 lb solids not fat. T~NTR O'DTTrTTO'N' similar result with pregnant heifers. These observations suggest that energy intake orientates the In earlier experiments (Bailey & Broster, 1957; response curve to protein relative to absolute rate of Broster, Tuck & Balch, 1963) we examined the live-weight gain. variation in the rate of live-weight gain of heifers Few of the published experiments on levels of given different amounts of protein in rations calcu-feeding for dairy cows have dealt with the question lated to be isocaloric. The response was curvilinear: of independent variation of protein and energy the increase in rate of gain from additional protein intakes. They have been concerned largely with the decreased as the basal level of intake rose.

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The nutritive value of ground and pelleted barley straw. I. Ground and pelleted v. long straw for growing Ayrshire heifers

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

The use of coarsely chopped barley straw in high concentrate diets for beef cattle

The use of coarsely chopped barley straw in high concentrate diets for beef cattle

The effects of grinding, either with or without NaOH treatment, on the utilization of straw by yearling dairy cattle

Experiments on the nutrition of the dairy heifer: VII. Observations on the effect of the energy intake on the utilization of protein in growth and in lactation

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