The Objects of the Natural Environment, as Factors of Transmission of Parasitosis

et al. 2021

Perm Med J

Objective. We studied the contamination of the soil with helminth-protozoan infestations in Astrakhan region for 20102019. Materials and methods. The research work was carried out in the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20102019. A total of 10 692 soil samples were examined, and 11 384 studies were performed. The number of samples, which did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 7.0 % (753 samples). Eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were found in these samples. Results. During the analyzed period, 86 491 samples of sanitary and parasitological studies were selected and examined in the Astrakhan region, of which 93.6 % (80 962 samples) were samples taken from various environmental objects (water, soil, manure, flushes from solid household surfaces). The total share of soil samples in the structure of all studies of environmental objects was 13.2 % (10 692 samples). Conclusions. Parasitic contamination of the soil remains tense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected animals. The presence of eggs of ascarids, opisthorchis, pygmy tapeworm and cysts of dysentery amoeba in the soil may indicate that this object is contaminated with the feces of persons with parasitic infestation, or about accidents on the sewer network and underflooding of soil sampling sites.

Section: Introductionunclassified

Parasitic contamination of soil in astrakhan region. analysis of work in 2010–2019

Ирдеева

Shemetova²,

et al. 2021

Perm Med J

Parasitic contamination of environmental objects (based on materials of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan region)

Shemetova

Nikeshina

et al. 2022

Perm Medical Journal

Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitological state of environmental objects in Astrakhan region. Materials and methods. A total of 45,475 samples taken from various environmental objects in Astrakhan region were analyzed. The number of unsatisfactory samples was 1.1 % (484 samples). Results. For the period from 2015 to 2019, there were studied the following samples: soil 12.5 % (5518 samples), water 6.9 % (3026 samples) and flushes from solid household surfaces 80.6 % (35501 samples). The percentage of washout samples from hard surfaces was 80.6 % (35,501 samples). The number of unsatisfactory samples was 0.003 % (1 sample). In this sample, teniid oncospheres were detected in 2019. The share of water samples was 6.9 % (3026 samples). Positive findings in the form of helminth eggs and larvae, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were 3.1 % (93 samples). In addition to samples taken from environmental objects, samples of food raw materials and food products were studied 3.1 % (1430 samples). The number of unsatisfactory samples was 4.6 % (66 samples). In these samples there were found: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis 84.8 % (56 samples), eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus 4.5 % (3 samples), cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Ascaris lumbricoides 3.0 % for each (2 samples for each), eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (1 sample) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Toxocara Canis 1.5 % (1 sample). Conclusions. The presence of mobile strongylid larvae and toxocar eggs in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of invaded animals, and the presence of ascariid eggs, opisthorchis, dwarf tapeworm, teniid oncospheres and dysentery amoeba cysts in the soil indicates contamination with the feces of invaded people. The presence of eggs and larvae of helminths characteristic of animals and humans in samples taken from open reservoirs indicates, first of all, the contamination of these objects with the feces of infected people and/or animals, as well as the presumed version of water contamination with sewage. The presence of Toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae on the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates soil contamination with the feces of invasive animals. The presence of ascarid eggs on the food indicates contamination of the soil with the feces of infested people.

Сontаminаtion of soil with pаthogens of helminth-protozoаlinvаsions in Аstrаkhаn Region for 2016–2020

Nikeshina

Шендо

et al. 2022

Perm Medical Journal

Objective. To study the parasitic contamination of the soil in Astrakhan Region based on the materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan Region for 20162020. Materials and methods. The research work was carried out on the basis of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology of Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, the Sanitary Department of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan Region as well as the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Astrakhan Region. Results. In total, during the analyzed period, 4243 soil samples were selected and examined from various places in the territory of Astrakhan Region, 8486 studies were performed. The number of samples, which do not meet sanitary and parasitological standards, was 5.6 % (237 samples). The samples of soil were taken in places, regulated by normative documents, according to instructions of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Astrakhan Region including places of crop production (collective farms, state farms, agricultural lands) 1.7 % (71 samples), the zone of industrial enterprises, transport highways, places of application of pesticides and mineral fertilizers 4.7 % (198 samples), the territories of livestock complexes and farms 3.7 % (157 samples), the residential zone (the territory intended for residential, public (public-business) and recreational zones as well as separate parts of engineering and transport infrastructure, other objects, the placement and activity of which does not have an impact requiring special sanitary protection zones) 86.8 % (3682 samples), including the territory of children's institutions and playgrounds (kindergartens, orphanages) 83.5 % (3076 samples) of the number of all the examined selected and investigated samples from the residential zone, places of locations of water sources 0.8 % (36 samples) as well as the territories of other objects of supervision (medical and preventive institutions, beaches, places for development etc.) 2.3 % (99 samples). Conclusions. Contamination of the soil with eggs and larvae of geohelminths (toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae) indicates contamination of these objects with feces of invaded animals (the role of stray animals (dogs) in soil contamination is not excluded). The contamination of the soil with eggs of ascaris, opisthorchis, oncospheres of teniids and cysts of amoebas suggests that these objects are contaminated with sewage water resulting from accidents.