The October 2005 Georgian Bay, Canada, Earthquake Sequence: Mafic Dykes and Their Role in the Mechanical Heterogeneity of Precambrian Crust

Seismites within Ordovician–Silurian carbonates and clastics of Southern Ontario, Canada and implications for intraplate seismicity

“…It can be noted that the area is seismically active at the present day and has experienced a total of 35 events from 1991 to 2003, all within 100 km of the Wiarton area with a recent M4.3 earthquake occurring beneath Georgian Bay in 2005. The event was the strongest locally recorded earthquake of the Great Lakes area of Southern Ontario (Dineva et al, 2007;Earthquakes Canada, 2013). The epicentre of the 2005 earthquake was about 60 km east of Wiarton (Wallach et al, 1998;Dineva et al, 2007).…”

“…The event was the strongest locally recorded earthquake of the Great Lakes area of Southern Ontario (Dineva et al, 2007;Earthquakes Canada, 2013). The epicentre of the 2005 earthquake was about 60 km east of Wiarton (Wallach et al, 1998;Dineva et al, 2007).…”

“…Expected ground motions are modelled to exceed the design limits for nuclear generating facilities at Pickering and Darlington along the northern shore of Lake Ontario near Toronto. As seismic networks have expanded there is growing recognition of widespread frequent intraplate seismic activity in central Canada (Adams and Basham, 1989;Wallach et al, 1998;Dineva et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2006;Dineva et al, 2007;Mereu et al, 2013) that threatens infrastructure both onshore and also offshore along the eastern Canadian continental margin (Stein and Mazzotti, 2007).…”

Focal Depth Determination for Moderate and Small Earthquakes by Modeling Regional Depth Phases sPg, sPmP, and sPn

“…The relative errors due to crustal model are estimated as within 15% when the error in the crustal velocity model is 10%, or when the thicknesses of layers in the crustal model have some errors, or the crustal medium differs from the assumed Poisson medium. We have analyzed the regional depth phases for many earthquakes (Ma and Atkinson, 2006;Kim et al, 2006;Dineva et al, 2007;Ma and Eaton, 2007;Atkinson et al, 2008). For this chapter we selected some special cases to show that our modeling method is simple, reliable, and suitable for all regions where regional depth phases are developed.…”

“…7) can also be used to identify sPmP and PmP. Dineva et al (2007;their Fig. 9) provided an excellent example for regional depth phase identification.…”