The oldest flora of the South China Block, and the stratigraphic bearings of the plant remains from the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam

Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes

“…This palaeophytogeographical unit includes Northeast Gondwana ( Figure 2 ) and was probably situated as a transition between the tropical-subtropical zones, between 10°–15°south latitude [ 76 ]. Similar vegetation is reported from Yunnan ( Figure 2 —Pd), Xinjiang ( Figure 2 —P12, Pe) (both China) [ 50 , 104 ], and Vietnam ( Figure 2 —P13) [ 105 ].…”

“…The circle at the end of the connecting line between the assemblage/plant unit and stratigraphy levels indicates the accuracy of the stratigraphic determination-the more right this point is, the more accurate the determination. Assemblages : W1 = Barrandian area, the Prague Basin, Czechia [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]; W2 = Souther Bolivia [ 89 ]; W3 = Gasport Stone Quarry, Niagara County, New York State, USA [ 90 ]; L1 = Welsh Basin (Cwm Craig Ddu, Powys) [ 91 ]; L2 = Welsh Basin (Capel Horeb, Powys) [ 90 ]; L3 = Bathurst Island, Arctic Canada [ 74 ]; L4 = Victoria, Australia, Centennial Beds [ 42 , 92 ]; L5 = Victoria, Australia, Monograptus Beds [ 42 , 92 ]; L6 = Tarija, southern Bolivia [ 93 ]; L7 = Gotland, Sweden [ 94 ]; P1 = Anglo-Welsh Basin (Ludford Corner, Ludlow) [ 95 ]; P2 = Anglo-Welsh Basin (Perton Lane, Hereford) [ 96 , 97 , 98 ]; P3 = Anglo-Welsh Basin (Freshwater East, Pembrokeshire) [ 99 ]; P4 = Anglo-Welsh Basin (Capel Horeb, Powys) [ 91 ]; P5 = New York State, USA [ 90 ]; P6 = Ontario, Canada [ 90 ]; P7 = Holy Cross Mts., Poland [ 100 ]; P8 = Podolia, Ukraine [ 101 ]; P9 = Barrandian area, the Prague Basin, Czechia [ 38 , 43 ]; P10 = Kazakhstan [ 45 ]; P11 = Kazakhstan, Balkhash area [ 102 , 103 ]; P12 = Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China [ 104 ]; P13 = Northern Vietnam [ 105 ]; Isolated finding of plants : Wa = Barrandian area, the Prague Basin, Czechia [ 83 ]; Wb = Tipperary, Ireland [ 106 ]; La = Northern Greenland [ 75 ]; Lb = Bathurst Isl...…”

“…Dou and Sun [ 112 ] and Cai et al [ 104 ] described Zosterophyllum sp., Sciadophyton pristinum , Salopella xinjiangensis , Cooksonella ( Junggaria ) sphaerica , Hostinella , Psilophytites , Parka and lycophyte-like plants from Xinjinang, north China. Gonez et al [ 105 ] published a plant assemblage from the Van Canh Formation, Vietnam ( Figure 3 —P13), which may belong to Přídolí, probably bouceki—transgrendies biozones and mentioned unbranched axes, cf. Sporogonites yunnanense , cf.…”

Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Indochina and adjacent areas: A review with new data

“…Plant fragments as well as arthropod and fish remains are also found in the Do Son Group in the Hai Phong area ( Figure 7A; Janvier et al, 2003;Long et al, 1990) and on the Ngoc Vung island, ESE of Ha Long Bay (Figure 1). Some authors argue that the Do Son Group may include the upper most part of the Silurian (Gonez et al, 2012;Janvier et al, 2003), and the plant fragments found on the Ngoc Vung island ( Figure 1) represents the earliest known flora of the Sino-Vietnam composite terrane (Gonez et al, 2012 (Dovjikov, 1965). The Tay (Dovjikov, 1965, p. 191;Tran et al, 1977).…”

An early Jurassic dextral strike-slip system in southern South China and its tectonic significance

“…The regions now containing such flysch sequences include the Qinzhou belt (relict thickness up to 7 km) (GXBGM, 1985;GDBGM, 1988;Wu, 2000), northern Vietnam terrane (Tong-Dzuy et al, 2011;Gonez et al, 2012), and Hainan Island (Wang et al, 1991;Zeng et al, 2003;HIGS, 2003HIGS, , 2004HIGS, , 2007, but not the Yunkai massif where a pre-Devonian hiatus occurs (GXBGM, 1985;GDBGM, 1988;Wu, 2000) (Fig. 9).…”