The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression: The hippocampal pathway

Morales‐Medina, Julio César; Iannitti, Tommaso; Freeman, Angela R.; Caldwell, Heather K.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.029

Cited by 80 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…The importance of this pathway is underscored by the fact that, in rodents, the removal of the olfactory bulbs, i.e., olfactory bulbectomy, results in numerous alterations in the function of limbic brain regions, as well as behavioral changes, similar to those observed in depressed patients (Kelly et al, 1997). Because of the fact that the remarkable emotional behavioral deficits induced in olfactory bulbectomized animals are reversed after repeated administration of antidepressants, this model is commonly used to test the effectiveness of putative antidepressants (Morales-Medina et al, 2017). Indeed, in our study, we observed significant alterations in various measures of anxiety and affectivity of TAAR5-KO mice in a number of behavioral tests used to test putative anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 Provides Olfactory Input Into Limbic Brain Areas and Modulates Emotional Behaviors and Serotonin Transmission

Espinoza

Sukhanov

Efimova

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 Provides Olfactory Input Into Limbic Brain Areas and Modulates Emotional Behaviors and Serotonin Transmission

Espinoza

Sukhanov

Efimova

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…The diagnosis was confirmed by two psychiatrists independently, and the diagnosis of MDD with or without anxiety disorder was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) 23 . Inclusion criteria were: aged 18 to 60 years; Chinese Han ethnicity; the score of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) ≥ 17 points; sufficient socio-cultural background to understand the informed consent; first-diagnosed or long-term drug discontinuance (more than 12 weeks) defined as longer than five times of elimination half-life of any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 24,25 ; accepting one kind of SSRIs as the only intervention strategy. Exclusion criteria were: any other mental disorders in ICD-10; catching a cold within two weeks; history of chronic nasitis, nasosinusitis or nasal deformity; history of brain trauma, neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular disease; colour blindness or abnormal vision (uncorrected or corrected vision); pregnancy or postpartum period; drug abuse; alcohol consumption; current smoking; accepting modified electric convulsive treatment within 4 weeks; alternative treatment strategy employed in MDD patients who had no remission despite the adequate trial of SSRIs; pharmacological interaction between the current use of medications and antidepressants; suicide ideation (the score of the third item of HAMD-17 ≥ 3 points); olfaction experts, such as wine taster or perfumer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

Wang

Jin

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We aimed to investigate the changes of olfaction of major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after medical treatment, and to preliminarily scrutinize the association between the olfactory function and the severity of depressive symptoms, response inhibition, and emotional responding. Forty-eight medicine-naïve MDD patients plus 33 healthy controls (HC) matched on gender, ages, and level of education, were recruited in the test group. The Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT), Self-reported Olfactory Scale (SROS), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and mean reaction time/accuracy rate (ΔMRt) of emotional Stroop test were measured. The patients were assessed before the treatment (baseline) and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). The data at the baseline level were measured then associated using multiple linear regression stepwise analysis. The MDD patients had lower scores of the CSIT and SROS and longer ΔMRt at baseline level compared to Hc while the ΔMRt of MDD patients remained longer after 3-month treatment (p's < 0.05). At the baseline level, the regression equation including age and ΔMRt of negative word-color congruent (NEG-C), was finally observed as follows: y(CSIT) = 10.676-0.063 × 1-0.002 × 2, [x 1 = the age(y), x 2 = the NEG-C (ms)]. The olfactory function of MDD appears to be correlated negatively with the age and the ΔMRT of negative stimuli before treatment. After the remission of MDD, the olfactory dysfunction was improved, which might be regarded as a responding phenotype of brain function of MDD rather than the emotional responding. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and olfaction disorder (OD) are both chronic diseases that affect human being's life quality 1. A systematic review on ten studies chosen for using the Sniffin' Sticks Test and the 40-item Smell Identification Test assessed to reveal the relationship between depression and OD. Results show that both of the olfactory threshold, olfactory discrimination, and olfactory identification were influenced by depression 2. Furthermore, symptoms of depression worsen with the severity of olfactory loss 3. It was demonstrated that olfactory bulbectomy, as a well-known method, could induce an animal model of depression in animal experiment 4. In depression-related brain areas including hippocampus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus, the turnover of serotonin and dopamine decreases in the olfactory bulbectomized rats 5. Similarly, in human studies, Cory et al. 6 found that patients with depression have decreased activities in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) accompanied with the defect of the olfactory identification. However, Zucco et al. 7 argued that the changes mentioned above occur in patients with the MDD only, not with the mild or moderate depressive disorder. In the neural circuits involved in emotional processing 8 , these key structures such as amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and OFC, are the imperative functional regions of the human olfactory map...

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“…While there appear to be some differences between the rat and mouse models, OBX has been a useful model in the study of antidepressant efficacy [104]. OBX increases the immobility time in the FST and TST in both rats and mice [106][107][108], and causes hyper activity and anhedonia as measured by the SPT in mice [109][110][111][112].…”

Section: Stress-based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy

LeGates

Kvarta

Thompson

2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

164

112

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Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a roughly two-fold greater risk as compared to males. Depression is sexually dimorphic with males and females exhibiting differences in clinical presentation, course, and response to antidepressant treatment. In this review, we first discuss sex differences observed in depressed patients, as well as animal models that reveal potential underlying mechanisms. We then discuss antidepressant treatments including their proposed mechanism of action and sex differences observed in treatment response. We include possible mechanisms underlying these sex differences with particular focus on synaptic transmission.

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The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression: The hippocampal pathway

Cited by 80 publications

References 133 publications

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 Provides Olfactory Input Into Limbic Brain Areas and Modulates Emotional Behaviors and Serotonin Transmission

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 Provides Olfactory Input Into Limbic Brain Areas and Modulates Emotional Behaviors and Serotonin Transmission

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy

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