Abstract. Ontology-driven conceptual modeling (ODCM) is still a relatively new research domain in the field of information systems and there is still much discussion on how the research in ODCM should be performed and what the focus of this research should be. Therefore, this article aims to critically survey the existing literature in order to assess the kind of research that has been performed over the years, analyze the nature of the research contributions and establish its current state of the art by positioning, evaluating and interpreting relevant research to date that is related to ODCM. To understand and identify any gaps and research opportunities, our literature study is composed of both a systematic mapping study and a systematic review study. The mapping study aims at structuring and classifying the area that is being investigated in order to give a general overview of the research that has been performed in the field. A review study on the other hand is a more thorough and rigorous inquiry and provides recommendations based on the strength of the found evidence. Our results indicate that there are several research gaps that should be addressed and we further composed several research opportunities that are possible areas for future research.
IntroductionConceptual models were introduced to increase understanding and communication of a system or domain among stakeholders. According to Stachowiak (1973), a conceptual model possesses three features: (1) a mapping feature, meaning that a model can be seen as a representation of the 'original' system, which is expressed through a modeling language; (2) a reduction feature, characterizing the model as only a subset of the original system and (3) the pragmatics of a model which describes its intended purpose or objective.Conceptual modeling is the activity of representing aspects of the physical and social world for the purpose of communication, learning and problem solving among human users (Mylopoulos, 1992). Conceptual modeling has gained much attention especially in the field of information systems, for design, analysis and development purposes. Their importance was understood in the 1960s, since they facilitate detection and correction of system development errors (Wand & Weber, 2002). The higher the quality of conceptual models, the earlier the 2 detection and correction of these errors occurs. This increase in attention and importance attributed to conceptual modeling led to the development and introduction of a wide range of various conceptual modeling approaches and techniques. Criticism however arose, stating that these approaches and techniques still lacked a comprehensive and generally acknowledged understanding (Moody, 2005). In addition, many conceptual models lacked an adequate specification of the semantics of the terminology of the underlying models, which led to inconsistent interpretations and uses of knowledge (Grüninger, Atefi, & Fox, 2000). In order to provide a foundation for conceptual modeling, ontologies were introduced. As mentio...