The Operative Treatment of the Funnel Chest

Patient satisfaction and clinical results 10 years after modified open thoracoplasty for pectus deformities

“…The method according to Ravitch including its numerous modifications [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] competes with the newer method according to Nuss [21]. The discussion is intense especially regarding minimal invasiveness, complications, and relapses [39].…”

“…Several open procedures for the treatment of pectus deformities have been established over the last decades [14][15][16][17]. The technique most frequently used is the one according to Ravitch [18].…”

When patients choose: comparison of Nuss, Ravitch, and Leonard procedures for primary repair of pectus excavatum

“…Briefly, his method included removal of the deformed costal cartilages with the perichondrium, division of the xiphoid from the sternum, and transverse sternal osteotomy displacing the sternum anteriorly [2]. A number of authors have developed modifications of the Ravitch procedure, including placement of a metal strut to support the sternum, which may be left in place for a period ranging from 6 months to a year [3][4][5][6][7]. In all its various forms, this method of pectus repair remains quite popular.…”

Retrospective review of reoperative pectus excavatum repairs

“…Briefly, this method involves removal of the deformed costal cartilages, division of the xiphoid from the sternum, and transverse sternal osteotomy displacing the sternum anteriorly [2]. A number of authors have developed modifications of the Ravitch procedure, including placement of a metal strut to support the sternum, which may be left in place for a period of time ranging from 6 months to a year [3][4][5][6][7]. An alternative open procedure with which we have had considerable experience was developed by Leonard [8].…”