“…e-forums, e-consultation, e-referenda, e-mailing, online decision-making, e-campaigning, e-voting, and e-petitioning) (Coleman & Norris, 2005 ; Şendağ, 2010 , 2014 ), factors affecting participation such as political knowledge, political talk, digital integrity, digital citizenship, digital divide, mobile device use, ICT use, gender, income, education level, and age (Bailey & Ngwenyama, 2011 ; Şendağ, 2010 ; Şendağ & Toker, 2016 ; Shelley II et al, 2006 ; Shirazi et al, 2010 ). A considerable amount of research on the participation of pre-service teachers in e-democracy have been done (Karickhoff & Howley, 1997 ; Macintosh et al, 2003 ; Oral, 2008 ; Şendağ, 2010 ; Şendağ & Toker, 2016 ; Ünlü, 2017 ; Yiğit & Çolak, 2010 ) while the same is not true for inservice teachers (Kolfschoten, 2012 ; Park, 2018 ). Moreover, the quality of participation in e-democracy applications in educational settings refers to a crucial research gap to fulfill.…”