1995
DOI: 10.1016/0921-8009(94)00041-s
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The opportunity costs of biodiversity conservation in Kenya

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Cited by 166 publications
(84 citation statements)
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“…Foremost among these is land conversion to agriculture (ref. 40 and M.T. and K.H., unpublished work), especially the expansion of broad-scale mechanized farming, which is controlled by agro-climatic potential and economic factors, such as cereal and input prices, access to the market, and transportation costs (16).…”
Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Foremost among these is land conversion to agriculture (ref. 40 and M.T. and K.H., unpublished work), especially the expansion of broad-scale mechanized farming, which is controlled by agro-climatic potential and economic factors, such as cereal and input prices, access to the market, and transportation costs (16).…”
Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the literature retrospectively assessing the environmental impacts of protected areas, there are several studies that prospectively estimate the costs and benefits of protected areas (Azzoni and Isai 1994, Norton-Griffiths and Southey 1995, Shyamsundar and Kramer 1996, Ferraro 2002. Related studies seek to estimate local economic benefits from sustainable forestry schemes or flows of non-timber forest products (see review by Sunderlin et al 2005).…”
Section: Empirical Evidencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The causes of this crisis include the high economic costs of 'fences and fines' approaches to conservation (LeaderWilliams & Albon, 1988), the low economic returns from protected areas compared with alternative humansettled land uses (Norton-Griffiths & Southey, 1995), and the strength of political voices claiming that the exclusion of local people from parks is variously unfair, unreasonable and/or illegal (Neumann, 1998).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%