The Optimization Method for Synthesis of 99mTc-Rutin as Potential Radiotracer in The Development of Cancer Drugs From Flavonoid

Abstract

Based on the Basic Health Research Data of Ministry of Health's of Indonesia in 2013, mortality rates from malignant and tumor malignancies in Indonesia are still high with prevalence of cancer is about 1.4%. Chemotherapy is still the primary choice in cancer modality that uses chemotherapeutic drugs to eradicate and inhibit the growth of cancer cells; however the cost this treatment is extremely high. Therefore, patient tends to seek alternative treatment such as consuming traditional herbal medicine for cancer treatment. Rutin is one of the attractive phytochemicals flavonoids because of its antioxidant activities. However, as traditional herbal medicine, its effectiveness is not yet been fully established due to the lack of scientific information. A radiotracer can be defined as a specific radiolabeled molecule that monitors the in vivo behaviour of a functional molecule, and can be used to provide biological information in a living system. Hence, to provide pharmacological information of rutin for cancer treatment, we synthesized radiolabeled flavonoid 99mTc-rutin as radiotracer. The aim of the present study is to develop 99mTc-rutin under varying conditions of rutin quantity, reducing agent concentration and incubation time. Labeling studies were performed by changing the selected parameters one by one and optimum labeling conditions were determined. After observing the conditions for maximum labeling efficiency, 99mTc-rutin was obtained with preparation of 700 μg of rutin with addition of 20 μg of SnCl2.2H2O as reductor and 1-3 mCi 99mTcO4- without any incubation. Radiochemical yield of 99mTc-rutin was determined with radio thin layer chromatography which was found 99.28 ± 0.14% and stable up to 4 hour. From the result of this study, the successfully labeled 99mTc-rutin can be used as a reference for following preclinical study. Furthermore radiolabeled 99mTc-rutin is expected as tools in research and development of rutin as cancer drugs from natural product to obtain detailed information its efficacy.Keywords: radiotracer, 99mTc-rutin, cancer, labeled compounds

Metallophenolomics: A Novel Integrated Approach to Study Complexation of Plant Phenolics with Metal/Metalloid Ions

“…This capability was employed for the fabrication of hybrid functional materials using metal–phenolic networks based on the polyphenol components of green tea infusions [ 216 ]; Complexation of PC ligands with different metal(loid)s’ species (ions, oxides, isotopes, nanoparticles): In addition to Me n+ , solid-phase chelation of flavonoids has been confirmed for Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2 [ 217 , 218 , 219 ]. Radiolabelled complexes have been synthesized for 99m Tc with curcumin, rutin, and luteolin [ 139 , 220 , 221 ], and 68 Ga with curcumin [ 139 ]. The chelating capacities of PCs are used in the “green chemistry” synthesis of biocompatible nanomaterials [ 222 ]; The formation of metabolites with chelating capacity at all stages of the phenolic biosynthetic pathway: Such a property is manifested regardless of the features of a particular biosynthetic pathway, which are determined by the complexity of the interrelated and consequent transformations of metabolites from various subgroups and the specificity of the dominant metabolite accumulated in a particular plant species.…”

“…Complexation of PC ligands with different metal(loid)s’ species (ions, oxides, isotopes, nanoparticles): In addition to Me n+ , solid-phase chelation of flavonoids has been confirmed for Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2 [ 217 , 218 , 219 ]. Radiolabelled complexes have been synthesized for 99m Tc with curcumin, rutin, and luteolin [ 139 , 220 , 221 ], and 68 Ga with curcumin [ 139 ]. The chelating capacities of PCs are used in the “green chemistry” synthesis of biocompatible nanomaterials [ 222 ];…”