The Optimization of <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. GM4 Tannase Production under Submerged Fermentation

Abstract

Tannase is a hydrolytic enzyme that is involved in the biodegradation of tannins and it has biotechnological potential in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food and beverage industries. Microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi, are important tannase producers. The aims of this work were to find a potential tannase producer and to improve the cultivation conditions. Three Aspergillus species (A. japonicus 246A, A. tamarii 3 and Aspergillus sp. GM4) were investigated in different culture media (Adams, Czapeck, Khanna, M5 and Vogel) and inducers (1% and 2% tannic acid; 1% green tea; 1% methyl gallate; 1% gallic acid). Aspergillus sp. GM4 and Adams medium were selected. The tannase production by Aspergillus sp. GM4 in Adams medium was induced in the presence of 2% (w/v) tannic acid and gallic acid as carbon sources, while green tea was not able to induce tannase production. The Plackett-Burman screening design was performed with the variables MgSO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , yeast extract, tannic acid, agitation rate and salt solution. The variables MgSO 4 and agitation rate were selected for the optimization of tannase production using a Central Composite Rotatable Design. Under optimized conditions, a 2.66-fold increase in the enzyme production was observed with small modifications in the medium composition.

Optimization of chromium and tannic acid bioremediation by Aspergillus niveus using Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology

“…A positive coefficient indicated that the higher concentrations of the variable is best for increasing Cr(VI) removal and residual tannic acid, whereas negative values indicated the vice versa (Pulimi et al 2012 ). Mohan et al ( 2013 ); Costa Souza et al ( 2015 ) and Melo et al ( 2014 ) found TA significant for tannase production by Aspergillus sp. in Plackett–Burman study.…”

Extracellular Tannase from Aspergillus ochraceus: Influence of the Culture Conditions on Biofilm Formation, Enzyme Production, and Application

“…The Khanna medium was also used for tannase production by A. ochraceus [26], Aspergillus sp. [29] and A. japonicus 246A [30]. Other media also have been used for tannase production such as Czapeck medium for A. niger [31] and Mineral medium for A. fumigatus CAS21 [32].…”

Different methodologies for sustainability of optimization techniques used in submerged and solid state fermentation

“…The entire process of fermentation is divided into three parts, upstream, fermentation and downstream processes. The optimization of the factors at each individual step is important to understand the overall process; there are factors that can be varied in each of these steps that shall bring about the required change in the process (Kumar et al 2010;Irfan et al 2016;de Melo et al 2014). The upstream process involves the pre-treatment part, wherein the material and parameters are set for the process to run, it is the primary optimization section as most of the optimization parameters are to be decided and set at this stage so that the processing can be carried out smoothly, optimized parameters in this stage will make it easier for the overall process to run without much difficulty.…”

“…Most commonly used when second-order and higher surface response surface models are built and are most suitable for higher order parameter designs when physical as well as chemical parameters play a significant role in determining the output of any process, as the design works much better with higher parameter numbers and the influence of more number of parameters in case of SSF is higher than in the case of SmF, the CCD can be considered as an extension of the factorial and RSM techniques and so it has a better command over the parameters involved in the SSF processes (Karmakar and Ray 2011;de Melo et al 2014). Figure 3b gives a simple representation of the different systems that are available in establishing the optimum using the CCD technique where the individual factors are represented along the edges of the cube and the optimum result is at the center of the cube.…”