The oral microbiome in oral lichen planus during a 1‐year randomized clinical trial

Kragelund, Camilla; Keller, Mette Kirstine

doi:10.1111/odi.12961

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The composition of the microbiota in healthy individuals shows great diversity between different oral micro‐environments with the subgingival environment displaying the greatest level of diversity (Dewhirst et al., 2010), hence our consistent sampling approach and exclusion of patients presenting with gingival inflammation, being it plaque‐induced or not. Significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiome between local mucosal samples and whole saliva have been confirmed in a recent study (Kragelund & Keller, 2019). It is reasonable to speculate that microbiome sampling from oral mucosa is more likely representative of the microbial community directly involved in mucosal inflammation, while whole saliva samples capture the microbiota from the range of oral micro‐environments, including those that play no role in immune‐mediated mucosal disease, namely subgingival and hard tissue‐associated microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation

et al. 2020

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Objective We investigated the relationship amongst the oral mucosal bacterial community, clinical severity and inflammatory markers in the two most common immune‐mediated oral mucosal diseases, namely recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (LP). Methods Patients with RAS (n = 15) and LP (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 13) were recruited using criteria to reduce the effect of factors that influence the microbiota structure independently of oral mucosal disease. Clinical severity was quantified using validated scoring methods. DNA was extracted from oral mucosal swabs for 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing. Salivary cytokines were measured using cytometric bead assays. Correlation studies were conducted amongst microbial diversity, clinical scores and cytokine concentrations. Results We observed a significant reduction of bacterial diversity in LP and RAS patients compared to controls (p = .021 and .044, respectively). Reduced bacterial diversity in LP and RAS correlated with increased clinical scores of the two conditions (⍴ = −0.551 to −0.714). A negative correlation was observed between microbial diversity and salivary interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17A and interleukin‐1β (⍴ = −0.325 to −0.449). Conclusions This study reports reduced oral microbial diversity in the context of increased mucosal inflammation and supports the role for microbial diversity as a marker or contributor to oral mucosal inflammatory disease activity and development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation

et al. 2020

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“…The searches on OPMDs resulted in inclusion of two studies on oral leukoplakia (Amer, Galvin, Healy, & Moran, ; Hu et al., ) and four on oral lichen planus (Choi et al., ; He et al., ; Kragelund & Keller, ; Wang et al., ) (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All four studies on oral lichen planus used different sample types for elucidation of the bacteriome. One study (Kragelund & Keller, ) did not include a control group, but described also the mycobiome. No single genus or species among the predominant taxa was significantly elevated in oral lichen planus in two or more of the studies including a control group (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders

et al. 2019

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Objective The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the oral microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for oral microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa? Materials and Methods A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the oral microbiota using high‐throughput sequencing techniques. The authors performed searches in PubMed and EMBASE. After removal of duplicates, a total of 239 potentially studies were identified. Results Twenty‐three studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma, two on oral leukoplakia and four on oral lichen planus were included with substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sample type, region sequenced and sequencing method utilised. The majority of studies focused on bacterial identification and recorded statistically significant differences in the oral microbiota associated with health and disease. However, even when comparing studies of similar methodology, the microbial differences between health and disease varied considerably. No consensus on the composition of the microbiomes associated with these conditions on genus and species level could be obtained. Six studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma had included in silico predicted microbial functions (genes and/or pathways) and found some similarities between the studies. Conclusions Attempts to reveal the microbiome associated with oral mucosal diseases are still in its infancy, and the studies demonstrate significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity across disease categories. The immense richness and diversity of the microbiota clearly illustrate that there is a need for additional methodologically comparable studies utilising deep sequencing approaches in significant cohorts of subjects together with functional analyses. Our hope is that following the recipe as outlined in our preceding companion paper, that is Part 1, will enhance achieving this in the future and elucidate the role of the oral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa.

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“…To date, the number of investigations that analyzed both bacteria and fungi from the same sample or patient are relatively limited. However, those studies that were performed cover a broad range of diseases or treatment regimens, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, cystic fibrosis (CF), or organ transplants [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. These underlying conditions also represent risk factors for fungal and other opportunistic infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in Health and Disease

et al. 2019

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Fungi and bacteria encounter each other in various niches of the human body. There, they interact directly with one another or indirectly via the host response. In both cases, interactions can affect host health and disease. In the present review, we summarized current knowledge on fungal-bacterial interactions during their commensal and pathogenic lifestyle. We focus on distinct mucosal niches: the oral cavity, lung, gut, and vagina. In addition, we describe interactions during bloodstream and wound infections and the possible consequences for the human host.

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The oral microbiome in oral lichen planus during a 1‐year randomized clinical trial

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation

Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders

Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in Health and Disease

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