The Oral Microbiome in Pediatric IBD: A Source of Pathobionts or Biomarkers?

Elmaghrawy, Khalid; Hussey, Séamus; Moran, Gary P.

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.620254

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Except for gut microbiota, it is increasingly recognized that the oral cavity microbiota could also affect the host health (Arweiler and Netuschil, 2016). Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota has been found to be related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus (van der Meulen et al, 2019;Elmaghrawy et al, 2020). There is a significant increase in Veillonella in the oral microbiota of AIH patients when compared with the HC, whereas Streptococcus is decreased (Abe et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Microbiome In Autoimmune Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

et al. 2021

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Recent studies have identified the critical role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Metagenomic studies reveal significant decrease of gut bacterial diversity in AILDs. Although profiles of metagenomic vary widely, Veillonella is commonly enriched in AIH, PBC, and PSC. Apart from gut microbiome, the oral and bile microbiome seem to be associated with these diseases as well. The functional analysis of metagenomics suggests that metabolic pathways changed in the gut microbiome of the patients. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. Taken together, the evidence of host–microbiome interactions and in-depth mechanistic studies needs further accumulation, which will offer more possibilities to clarify the mechanisms of AILDs and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment in the future.

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Section: The Microbiome In Autoimmune Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

et al. 2021

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“…This general inflammatory state associated with the IBD condition could affect the oral mucosa and lead to an oral dysbiosis that could contribute to the worsening of the inflammatory state and play a crucial role in the oral manifestations of these patients [5]. However, only a few studies have focused on analyzing changes in the oral microbiome of IBD patientsmost of them performed in the CD phenotype [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Regarding UC, most of the data come from pediatric populations or animal models [2,3,[16][17][18], and only one study has focused on the analysis of the oral microbiome of a specific UC cohort, performed in a murine model of colitis [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerative Colitis Seems to Imply Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis

Molinero

Taladrid

Zorraquín‐Peña

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent pathology of complex etiology that has been occasionally associated with oral lesions, but the overall composition of the oral microbiome in UC patients and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, the oral microbiome of UC patients and healthy individuals was compared to ascertain the possible changes in the oral microbial communities associated with UC. For this, the salivary microbiota of 10 patients diagnosed with an active phase of UC and 11 healthy controls was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (trial ref. ISRCTN39987). Metataxonomic analysis revealed a decrease in the alpha diversity and an imbalance in the relative proportions of some key members of the oral core microbiome in UC patients. Additionally, Staphylococcus members and four differential species or phylotypes were only present in UC patients, not being detected in healthy subjects. This study provides a global snapshot of the existence of oral dysbiosis associated with UC, and the possible presence of potential oral biomarkers.

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“… 6 Perhaps unexpectedly, an abundance of oral microbes was found in the gut microbiome of IBD patients. 7 Together with ectopic colonization of oral microbes, a recent study finding oral microbes of similar strains in the gut and oral microbiome of active CD patients, 8 this suggests a pathogenic role for oral microbes. It has thus been postulated that in IBD, oral-disease bacteria expand in the IBD intestines through a sequential multi-stage approach 9 : [1] enhanced abundance and virulence of oral disease-associated bacteria with a corresponding reduction in intestinal colonization resistance, [2] translocation of oral bacteria to the intestines, and [3] colonization of the intestines by these oral disease-associated bacteria and exacerbation of disease in IBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiome of Crohn’s Disease Patients With and Without Oral Manifestations

Mok

Gowans

et al. 2022

Journal of Crohn's and Colitis

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Background and Aims Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory destruction in Crohn’s Disease (CD). Although gut microbiome dysbiosis is well-established in CD, the oral microbiome is comparatively under-studied. This study aims to characterize the oral microbiome of CD patients with/without oral manifestations. Methods Patients with CD were recruited with age, gender and race-matched controls. Potential confounders such as dental caries and periodontal condition were recorded. Oral microbiome was collected using saliva samples. Microbial DNA extracted and sequenced using shotgun sequencing. Metagenomic taxonomic and functional profiles were generated and analyzed. Results The study recruited 41 with CD and 24 healthy controls. Within the CD subjects, 39.0% had oral manifestations with the majority presenting with cobblestoning and/or oral ulcers. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated distinct oral microbiome profiles between subjects with and without CD, with 4 key variables responsible for overall oral microbiome variance: 1) Diagnosis of CD, 2) Concomitant use of steroids, 3) Concomitant use of Azathioprine, and 4) Presence of oral ulcers. Thirty-two significant differentially abundant microbial species were identified, with the majority associated with the diagnosis of CD. A predictive model based on differences in the oral microbiome found that the oral microbiome has strong discriminatory function to distinguish subjects with and without CD (AUROC 0.84). Functional analysis found increased representation of microbial enzymes (n=5) in the butyrate pathway was positively associated with the presence of oral ulcers. Conclusions Oral microbiome can aid in the diagnosis of CD and its composition was associated with oral manifestations.

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The Oral Microbiome in Pediatric IBD: A Source of Pathobionts or Biomarkers?

Cited by 20 publications

References 87 publications

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

Ulcerative Colitis Seems to Imply Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis

Oral Microbiome of Crohn’s Disease Patients With and Without Oral Manifestations

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