The Origin and Development of Embryoids in Suspension Cultures of Carrot (Daucus carota)

McWILLIAM, A. A.; Smith, Susan; Street, H. E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084808

Cited by 138 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…MS media supplemented with NAA or 2,4-D produced EC, but further development of these calli restrained unless the growth regulators were withdrawn. Similar findings were also obtained in Paphiopedilum hybrids (Morel, 1974) and other plants (Chee, 1990;Kim and Janick, 1989;McWilliam et al, 1974;Thomas et al, 1972;Wang and Janick, 1986;Williams and Collin, 1976). (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Somatic Embryogenesis in Cymbidium through In Vitro Culture of Inner Tissue of Protocorm-Like Bodies

Begum

Tamaki

Tahara

et al. 1994

Engei Gakkai zasshi

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SummaryEmbryogenic callus (EC) was initiated from inner tissue (IT) of protocorm-like bodies (PLB) of Cymbidium orchid cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). EC was obtained within 15 days on a MS medium containing 2 mg• liter -1 NAA or 0.5 mg • liter -1 2,4-D which was the most effective among the concentrations tested. When EC were transferred to a hormone-free MS medium, they produced protocorms within one month and complete plants in another 3 months. In contrast, the EC, in the presence of BA or NAA, produced light green, hairless, string-like structures in one month. These string-like structures grew 2 to 3 cm in length and died within three months. IT produced no callus in hormone-free MS medium or in a medium to which BA and NAA were added. After 5 days of culture, with NAA or 2,4-D, a small mass of EC differentiated from the parenchyma cells of the vascular bundle on the basal cut end of IT sections. These ECs produced proembryoid-like structures after 10 days of culture; they became globular embryos 5 days later. The globular embryos differentiated into protocorms and plantlets after being transplanted to the hormone-free MS medium. These findings demonstrate that Cymbidium plantlets can be obtained from IT of PLB through somatic embryogenesis by manipulating the culture conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Somatic Embryogenesis in Cymbidium through In Vitro Culture of Inner Tissue of Protocorm-Like Bodies

Begum

Tamaki

Tahara

et al. 1994

Engei Gakkai zasshi

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“…The present study demonstrates without ambiguity that somatic embryogenesis arises from single cells and corresponds to the development morphology of zygotic embryos of oil palm. Somatic embryos of this single cell origin are widely encountered eg date palm, 17 Ranunculus, 24 carrot, 25 guinea grass, 26 Trifolium, 27 borage, 28 cork oak, 29 Vanda orchid. 30 This finding deviates from the result reported by Schwendiman et al 19 that the origin of an oil palm somatic embryo is multicellular.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Kanchanapoom¹,

Domyoas²

1999

ScienceAsia

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Mature zygotic embryos of Elaeis guineensis Jacq var tenera were excised and cultured on Eeuwens (1976Eeuwens ( , 1978 medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus was initiated from these embryos within 8 weeks. Embryoids were induced from the primary callus cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962, MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D. For embryoid differentiation and plantlet regeneration, two successive media were employed. The first medium was MS-CAP devoid of 2,4-D but containing 0.05% activated charcoal . The second medium was MS-CAP containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D and 2.5 mg/l BA. The embryoids were harvested at various time, fixed, sectioned, stained and examined microscopically. The histological origin of embryoids was from single cells in the subepidermis along the surface of callus clumps. Embryoids proceeded in a standard development pattern to the globular-, heart-and finally to the cotyledon stage. Secondary embryoids occurred on the cotyledon of primary embryoids and originated from single, densely staining cells of the epidermis.

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“…The route where the embryoids are formed directly from single cells and small cell groups in the medium corresponds to the origin of carrot embryoids described by Steward et al (1964) and Steward, Ammirato and Mapes (1970). The alternative route, where the embryoid remains attached to the aggregate and then is released at a late stage in development, is similar to the route described for embryoid production in Ranunculus sceleratus (Konar and Nataraja, 1965;Konar, Thomas and Street, 1972a;Thomas, Konar and Street, 1972), Atropa belladonna (Konar, Thomas and Street, 1972b), sorghum (Dunstan, Short and Thomas, 1978) and in other studies of carrot (Halperin and Wetherel, 1964;Halperin, 1967;Halperin and Jensen, 1967;McWilliam, Smith and Street, 1974). The celery embryoid appears to have the same varied path of development as the carrot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…of single cell origin, otherwise there is the problem of chimeras being produced. In a very comprehensive examination of embryoid production in embryogenic carrot cul-tures, Halperin and Wetherell (1964), Halperin (1967), Halperin and Jensen (1967) and McWilliam, Smith and Street (1974) showed that the embryoids arose from single cells in cell aggregates rather than free floating single cells. That embryoids of other species may be of single cell origin is also supported by the work of Dunstan, Short and Thomas (1978) with cultured immature embryos of Sorghum bicolor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Early Growth of Celery Embryoids

et al. 1982

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SUMMARYSuspension cultures of celery emhryoids were initiated by transferring portions of differentiating callus to liquid medium. Light microscope studies of the cells and embryogenic aggregates in the suspensions suggested that the emhryoids arose from either single cells within the embryogenic aggregates, when the developing emhryoid remained attached to the clump until the globular stage, or from free floating small groups of cells. Both types of development showed the celery emhryoids to he of single eell origin. When the emhryoid suspension was filtered to remove the larger embryoids and the small emhryogenic aggregates and free floating embryoids were mixed with agar and plated, the development of the embryoids depended on the initial inoculum density. At low density further embryoid development was delayed while at the high inoculum density the emhryoids became green and grew rapidly into torpedo embryoids with cotyledon leaves and roots. At this stage they could be transferred to a simple inorganic medium to develop into plantlets. The effect of inoculum density was thought to be due to a conditioning effect of the environment. It is suggested that the differentiating units in the emhryoid suspension could be used in a cell selection procedure.

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The Origin and Development of Embryoids in Suspension Cultures of Carrot (Daucus carota)

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Somatic Embryogenesis in Cymbidium through In Vitro Culture of Inner Tissue of Protocorm-Like Bodies

Somatic Embryogenesis in Cymbidium through In Vitro Culture of Inner Tissue of Protocorm-Like Bodies

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Origin and Early Growth of Celery Embryoids

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