The Origin and Significance of Ecgonine Methyl Ester in Blood Samples

Logan, Barry K.; Peterson, Kristina L.

doi:10.1093/jat/18.2.124

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Fifteen urine samples (12 from Group 1 and 3 from Group 3) contained BEG + EME, whereas 44 urine samples (22 from Group 1, 10 from Group 2 and 12 from Group 3) contained BEG + COCA. No sample was found to contain COCA + EME only because BEG was detected in all studied individuals; this confirms that the presence of BEG is the best marker for previous use of cocaine (Logan and Peterson, 1994). Twenty-six urine samples were found to contain BEG alone; according to some authors, BEG remains in urine for longer than EME and COCA do, so the originating episode may have occurred several days before the sample was collected (Ramcharitar et al, 1995).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain

Fernández

Buján

Bermejo

et al. 2004

J of Applied Toxicology

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A gas chromatographic method with fl ame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid-phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide-trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4-4 micro g ml(-1) for urine and 0.1-2 micro g ml(-1) for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 micro g ml(-1), respectively. Coefficients of variation were <10% and accuracy was within +/-12%. The average blood concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in 42 living patients were 0.22, 1.43 and 0.16 micro g ml(-1), respectively. Urine samples were collected from individuals in the criminal justice system (70 cases), from drug abusers admitted to emergency rooms (36 cases) and from patients under detoxification treatment (36 cases). The second group exhibited the highest average concentrations (e.g. 0.97 micro g ml(-1) for cocaine, 5.23 micro g ml(-1) for benzoylecgonine and 0.39 micro g ml(-1) for ecgonine methyl ester). Sixty- five fatal intoxications due to cocaine alone or in combination with other drugs were studied, and average blood levels were found to be higher in the deaths related to cocaine alone (e.g. 0.40 micro g ml(-1) for cocaine, 2.38 micro g ml(-1) for benzoylecgonine and 0.38 micro g ml(-1) for ecgonine methyl ester).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain

Fernández

Buján

Bermejo

et al. 2004

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…EME is further hydrolyzed by PChE to ECG, but reports on the stability of BZE are controversial. An enzymatic hydrolysis to ECG could be expected, but some authors suggested that BZE is stable in unpreserved serum [26,29,30]. Stewart et al [27] described a constant, but slow hydrolysis in unstabilized samples which was explained by a low affinity of BZE to PChE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations in fluorinated plasma samples of drivers under suspicion of driving under influence

Mußhoff¹,

Madea²

2010

Forensic Science International

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“…Ecgonine methyl ester is further hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterase to ecgonine, but reports on the stability of benzoylecgonine are controversial. An enzymatic hydrolysis to ecgonine could be expected, but some authors have suggested that benzoylecgonine is stable in unpreserved serum (Isenschmid et al 1989;McCurdy et al 1989;Logan and Peterson 1994). Stewart et al (1979) described a constant, but slow hydrolysis in unstabilised samples which was explained by a low affinity of benzoylecgonine to plasma cholinesterase.…”

Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%