The origin of a Land Flora

Homologous Versus Antithetic Alternation of Generations and the Origin of Sporophytes

“…Bower's antithetic theory was developed at length in The origin of a land flora (Bower, 1908) and updated in Primitive land plants (Bower, 1935; a book that Bower dedicated to Scott's memory). The successive presentations of Bower's theory attempted to incorporate progress in the understanding of meiosis, while holding firm to the basic model of the interpolation of a new generation into the life cycle.…”

“…Coleochaete reduction occurs at the first segmentation of the zygote, and accordingly the old comparison is no longer permissible" (Bower, 1908;p. 260).…”

A fossil fern indicator of epiphytism in a Tertiary flora

“…An initial survey to determine possible affinities was conducted through reference to illustrative and descriptive material (Bower, 1908(Bower, , 1935Ogura, 1972). Closer comparisons were then made using modern material of Polypodiaceae (e.g.…”

“…By contrast, Rachis types A, B, C, D and F seem to have greater affinity with other fern families such as Dennstaedtiaceae, Athyriaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Onocleaceae and Pteridaceae (Collinson & Ribbins, 1977 ;Ribbins & Collinson, 1978 ;Poole, 1993b). The family Polypodiaceae (and those closely allied to it) is regarded on many characters (including its dissected vascular anatomy, which is believed to be derived, e. g. Bower, 1908) as being distinctive, as well as modern, in terms of fern evolution as a whole (Mickel, 1974 ;Sporne, 1975 ;Lovis, 1977 ;Rothwell, 1996 ;Stevenson & Loconte, 1996).…”

SOME FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SPOROPHYTE OF EQUISETUM ARVENSE L.

“…There is further disagreement as to whether or not they are formed in the axil of a leaf. Hofmeister (1862), Jeffrey (1899) and Bower (1908) consider that they are not axillary, while Campbell (1928 a) states that they are always formed in the axil of a leaf.…”