The origin of the chemiluminescence of phagocytosing granulocytes.

Mechanisms of Attachment of Neutrophils to Candida albicans Pseudohyphae in the Absence of Serum, and of Subsequent Damage to Pseudohyphae by Microbicidal Processes of Neutrophils In Vitro

“…To determine the relative importance of potential mechanisms for damage to Candida by neutrophils, known inhibitors of neutrophil mechanisms were used as in the previous work (1), con- (Table IV). However, mannitol and benzoate, scavengers of hydroxyl radical (16), were not inhibitory. To further test the role of oxidative microbicidal mechanisms, neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease were used, and found completely lacking in capacity to damage pseudohyphae.…”

“…From our previous studies, this included activation of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system (2), as evidenced by iodination of pseudohyphae by neutrophils, and chemiluminescence by neutrophils (16). However, the process was accompanied by only minimal release of lysosomal enzymes from the azurophil granules, which also contain myeloperoxidase (2).…”

“…In fact, superoxide may be produced by neutrophils after exposure to certain stimuli in the absence of phagocytosis (54). Interactions of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide then may result in generation of other potentially microbicidal substances, including singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical (16), on the cell surface. Therefore, several agents that might be produced at the cell surface could have contributed to the damage to Candida pseudohyphae by neutrophils.…”

“…was also used in some studies. When required, fungi were killed by heating at 100°C (in a boiling water bath) for 1 h, or by exposure to ultraviolet light for 16 h. Before incubation with neutrophils, fungi were washed in Hanks' balance salt solution (HBSS).' I Abbreviations used in this paper: DFP, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate; HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution; TLCK, N-a-p-tosyl-L-lysine; TPCK (1-tosylamide-2-phenyl-ethylchloromethyl ketone).…”

“…Yeast forms of Candida are killed by oxidative mechanisms of neutrophils (11)(12)(13)(14). Our earlier studies indicated that Candida pseudohyphae were iodinated by neutrophils (1), suggesting that incomplete ingestion of pseudohyphae activates oxidative microbicidal mechanisms in the neutrophil (14)(15)(16). In some circumstances, other mechanisms of candidacidal activity may be involved (18), including granulocyte cationic proteins (19).…”