The Origin of the Runes

Williams, Henrik

doi:10.1163/18756719-045-01-90000019

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…T HE NEED to create writing systems has been with humankind since the dawn of time, and they always evolved based on the concrete challenges the writers faced. For example, the angular shapes of the runes are very convenient to be carved in wood or stone [1]. The rapid increase of available mediums in the recent decades determined the need for many more alphabets, for very different use cases, such as controlling computers using touchpads, mouse gestures or eye tracking cameras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatized Generation of Alphabets of Symbols

Hamotskyi¹,

Rojbi²,

Stirenko³

et al. 2017

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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Abstract-In this paper, we discuss the generation of symbols (and alphabets) based on specific user requirements (medium, priorities, type of information that needs to be conveyed). A framework for the generation of alphabets is proposed, and its use for the generation of a shorthand writing system is explored. We discuss the possible use of machine learning and genetic algorithms to gather inputs for generation of such alphabets and for optimization of already generated ones. The alphabets generated using such methods may be used in very different fields, from the creation of synthetic languages and constructed scripts to the creation of sensible commands for multimodal interaction through Human-Computer Interfaces, such as mouse gestures, touchpads, body gestures, eye-tracking cameras, and brain-computing Interfaces, especially in applications for elderly care and people with disabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatized Generation of Alphabets of Symbols

Hamotskyi¹,

Rojbi²,

Stirenko³

et al. 2017

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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“…Numerous attempts to ex plain this idiosyncrasy use widely different approaches, from the pho netically motivated rearrangements mentioned above via graphic con siderations (e.g., Kabell, 1967, p. 114) and underlying texts (e.g., Skeat, 1890) to the semantics of the rune names. All these presuppose the regu lative hand of a creator; only explanations which work with transmission errors (e.g., Williams, 1996) are reconcilable with diffusion. In the lat ter case, the question remains how a fairly uniform row emerged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Being a Grapholinguist

Meletis¹

Grapholinguistics and Its Applications

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In the analysis of written language, the distribution of the punctuation marks dot, exclamation mark, and question mark is usually explained with refer ence to the concept of sentence. For this reason, these characters are referred to in German linguistics as 'Satzschlusszeichen' ('sentence closing marks'). However, if the term sentence is understood as in syntax, e.g., as a phrase with a finite verb as its head, it turns out that (e.g., in English) in some cases the marks in question ac tually follow what can be considered a sentence (Where are you now?), but in many other cases they do not. In particular, the marks may follow less than a sentence (Here!) or more than a sentence (I am here and you are there.) or they may be inter spersed in a sentence (Stop! Being! Stupid!). In order to arrive at a proper analysis of such data, it is necessary to distinguish between two different structural concepts, the sentence as a strictly syntactic notion on the one hand and another concept be longing to the field of grapholinguistics on the other hand. There are numerous suggestions how to conceive this other concept. In the approach to be presented, it is termed written utterance and is considered to be what a writer understands as a coherent thought. It is important that the concepts of sentence and written utter ance are completely independent of each other, since they belong to different areas of linguistics. A grapholinguistic analysis has to explain the wellformedness con ditions of written utterances. In the grapholinguistic model, which serves as the background for the following analysis, the language system is considered as part of the writing system, so that in the analysis of written forms all concepts established for the analysis of the language system can be used. This model provides a specific answer to the pertinent question of the relationship between written language and spoken language. 1. On the Term Grapholinguistics Grapholinguistics is a branch of linguistics that has developed into an independent field of research over the last 50 years. 1 The term grapholin

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The twisting path of runes from the Greek alphabet

Fairfax¹

2014

NOWELE

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This paper argues that the direct source for the creation of Germanic runes was the Greek alphabet as used in Gaul around the middle of the last century BC, a period that saw a significant influx of Germani into that area. A number of the departures from the source are accordingly due to the influence of specifically Gaulish rather than purely Greek usage, while other features are due to the adapter’s own independent treatment. The adapter was likely a well-born Germanus who learnt the Greek alphabet from a literate Gaul resident in Gaul or Germania.

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The Origin of the Runes

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Automatized Generation of Alphabets of Symbols

Automatized Generation of Alphabets of Symbols

On Being a Grapholinguist

The twisting path of runes from the Greek alphabet

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