The origin of unreduced microspores due to aberrant cytokinesis in the meiocytes of potato and its genetic significance

Ramanna, M.S.

doi:10.1007/bf00032736

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This mostly seems affect normal disjunction in subsequent stages , pairing and chiasma frequency. As the last parameter represent the site of cross over event and exchange of genetic material a possibility of abnormal gametes is highly expected and low pollen fertility is reported as previously stated by Ramanna (1974).…”

Section: Meiotic Studymentioning

confidence: 83%

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Haroun

Shehri

2001

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary The present investigation study the morphological and cytogenetic effects of Calotropis procera extract on Vicia faba L. The control plants being normal while treated ones are significantly affected. Four concentrations (5, 15, 30, 60%) of this extract were applied for 3 duration time. For treated seeds, low doses caused increase in mitotic indix (MI) and exhibit stimulatory effect on percentage of germination and plant height. On the other hand high concentratiosn gave rise to substantial reduction in MI, percentage of germination and plant height and all were found dose and time dependent. In contrast, all parameters tested for treated roots were found negatively affected with no exception and found more harmful and effective compared to seed treatment experiment. Various types of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities were observed. Their percentage of these abnormalities was also found dose and time dependent. Stickiness type was found more frequent compared with other types. The extract also affect chromosome association during meiosis. Chromosome pairing, chiasma frequency and pollen fertility were found negatively affected and dose dependent. The present data confirm the use of this extract as insect control at high concentrations is harmful to plants as non-target organism. It also recommend the use of lower concentration (15%), which has a significant affect on insect with very low side effects on plants. Key words Calotropis procera extract, Cytogenetic effects, Vicia faba The use of synthetic chemicals for plant protection and their cytogenetic effects have been well documented (Shehab 1980, Mohammed 1986, Badr et al. 1985, Qureshi et al. 1988. No doubt, that most of synthetic chemical used surround the world resulted in disturbances of environment and lethal on non target organisms e.g., plant, animal etc. For these reasons, it has become necessary to search alternative natural compounds for environmental safety.Extracts of many plants have been tested for the above reasons (El Gammal et al. 1988, Nassar 1995, Nassar et al. 1997, Soliman and El Sherif 1995, Mohammed 1986. Although many studies were carried on the cytogenetic effects of many plant extracts (Kumar and Kumar 1972, Kabarity and Malallah 1980, Adams and Rashad 1984, Abderrhman 1998, Shapira et al. 1989, Li et al. 1995, Abou El Kheir and Abou El Kheir 1992, Omani et al. 1996, El Khodary 1980, and some others are still in need for such investigation.Extract of Calotropis procera (Family Asclepiadaceae) has been used as botanical insect growth inhibitor by Nassar (1995) and Giridhar et al. (1984). The extract shows effective results as insecticide at certain concentrations.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different concentrations (5, 15, 30, 60%) of this extract on percentage of germination, plant growth and cytogenetic of Vicia faba as non target organism. Parameters measured were plant height, percentage of germination, mitotic index, aberrations and mitotic behaviour.

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Section: Meiotic Studymentioning

confidence: 83%

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Haroun

Shehri

2001

CYTOLOGIA

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“…However, it decreased at higher concentration. (1964) and Ramanna (1974) reported that any deviation in karyokinesis or cytokinesis could produce non-viable microspores. The decrease in pollen fertility could be due to an increase of various chromosomal abnormalities like bridges, laggards and micronuclei etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Induced Morpho-cytological Variability in Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Anis¹,

Wani²

1997

cytologia

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Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Farm Leguminosae), commonly known as "Methi" is an important self-pollinated crop of short duration and multipurpose (vegetable, condiment, manure and medicinal), cash crop of India (Fazli and Hardman 1978). It is rich in fixed oil, proteins and vitamins.Mutagens have remarkable possibilities of improving plants with regard to their qualitative and quantitative characters. Chemical mutagens have been reported to be more potent in inducing mutations than the physical ones (Sharma 1965, Blixt andMossberg 1967). The mutagenic effect of caffeine has been studied in different plants by many workers (Kihlman and Levan 1949, Kihlman et al. 1973, Kihlman 1974, Fries 1950, Demon and Rauth 1969. However, no efforts have been made to study its effect on fenugreek. Keeping in view the economic improtance offoenum-graecum and the use of mutagens for the creation of genetic variability and improvement of crops, the present work has been taken to study the cytogenetic effects and responses of agronomic characters following caffeine application. Material and methodsThe seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. var. Desi Methi were procured from the Govt. Agricultural Farm, Aligarh. The plants are characterised by white flowers with straight pods. The seeds are small, yellowish brown in colour with bitter taste. Fresh and healthy seeds were selected and presoaked in distilled water for 12 hr. The seeds were, then subjected to different concentrations of caffeine (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00%) for 12 hr. 100 seeds were selected for each of the 9 treatments and control. Each set of 100 seeds was divided into two lots of 50 seeds each. A total number of 50 seeds per concentration plus 50 seeds for control were sown in the pots to raise M1 generation. The second lot of 50 seeds per concentration and control was placed on moist cotton for the study of germination and survival percentage. At flowering stage 12-15 random plants were selected from each concentration for meiotic analyses. Young buds of proper size were collected carefully from each concentration and fixed in 1: 3 solution of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol, supplemented with a few crystals of ferric chloride for 24 hr. The buds were then stored in 70% ethyl alcohol under refrigeration. Slides were prepared using 2% acetocarmine by standard squash technique. Analyses of various stages of meiosis were best done from fresh and temporary preparations, chiefly at metaphase and anaphase stages. Results and discussionThe plants raised from the treated seeds exhibited a number of morphological and cytological abnormalities. A gradual reduction in the percentage of germination with an increased concentration of caffeine was recorded. The seedling growth as recorded after 15 days of germination showed an increase in seedling height at lower concentration of mutagen. However, it decreased at higher concentration. The variation in the height of the plants, number of nodes, internodal length, no. of

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“…Triads were found in 3-5% of the PMCs analysed at the sporad stage. They will give rise to SDR or FDR 2n pollen depending on whether one of the equational walls has failed to form or the reductional wall is partly formed respectively (Ramanna 1974). Variation in the frequency of dyads occurred within and between anthers of the same plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mok and Peloquin 1975, Ramanna 1979, Wagenvoort 1986). Parallel spindles found in 1931 and 1936 in this study may have partly contributed to the pool of 2n-pollen, indicated by the strong correlation between the occurrence of fused/parallel spindles, and dyads ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Structural Rearrangements in Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk. 3. Gene -centromere mapping of ym (yellow margin) by half-tetrad analysis.

Wagenvoort¹

1995

CYTOLOGIA

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The origin of unreduced microspores due to aberrant cytokinesis in the meiocytes of potato and its genetic significance

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Cytogenetic Effects of Calotropis procera Extract on Vicia faba L.

Caffeine Induced Morpho-cytological Variability in Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Spontaneous Structural Rearrangements in Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk. 3. Gene -centromere mapping of ym (yellow margin) by half-tetrad analysis.

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