The oscillation frequency of a quartz resonator in contact with liquid

Kanazawa, K. Keiji; Gordon, Judith R.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)82721-x

Cited by 1,257 publications

(736 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(4) and (5). The first boundary condition is continuity of the displacement at the interface between the substrate and the layer at x 3 =0 and this gives,…”

Section: Theoretical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This viscous entrainment means the QCM only senses the mass of liquid within an interfacial layer and as a consequence the frequency shift is proportional to the viscosity-density product and a lower power of the frequency, i.e. ∆f /f= C(η f ρ f f) 1/2 , where C is a constant 5,6 . In liquid phase operation the quartz crystal also has a dissipation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layer guided shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes

McHale

Newton

Martin

2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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The theoretical basis describing Love waves propagating on a finite thickness substrate covered by a finite thickness solid layer having a lower shear acoustic speed is considered. A generalized dispersion equation is derived for shear horizontally polarized acoustic waves in this system. Two types of solutions to the dispersion equation, both satisfying stress free boundary conditions at the free surfaces, are shown to exist.The first type of solution has a displacement that decays with depth into the substrate whilst the second does not. Analytical approximations to the solutions for a thin solid guiding layer show that these solutions can be considered as generalizations of Love waves and resonant shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes (SH-APM), respectively. Numerical solutions to the dispersion equation are developed and the spectrum of modes for thick guiding layers is examined with particular reference to sensor applications. As expected, increasing the thickness of the guiding layer leads to multiple Love wave modes. However, each of these Love wave modes is found to possess a set of shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes. As the guiding layer thickness is increased the Love wave speed decreases until at approximately v l /4f , where v l is the shear acoustic speed of the layer and f is the frequency, a sharp transition occurs in the Love wave speed from a value close to the shear acoustic speed of the substrate, v s , to one close to the shear acoustic speed of the layer, v l . A similar pattern is observed for the layer guided SH-APM's with an increase in the guiding layer thickness resulting in a sharp transition in the speed of the SH-APM towards a value close to that of the next lower SH-APM. It is shown that the appearance of the second Love wave mode is a result of a continuation of the lowest SH-APM associated with the previous Love wave mode. A physical interpretation is developed for the Love waves on the finite substrate and for the layer guided SH-APM's and from this interpretation it is suggested that layer guided SH-APM sensors could provide significantly enhanced mass sensitivity.

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“…(4) and (5). The first boundary condition is continuity of the displacement at the interface between the substrate and the layer at x 3 =0 and this gives,…”

Section: Theoretical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer guided shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes

McHale

Newton

Martin

2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…In fact, the vibrating quartz crystal was first used to specifically study the elastic properties of liquids (Mason et al 1949). The presence of the liquid causes a shift Sf in the resonant frequency of a crystal; if one side of the crystal is in contact with a liquid of absolute viscosity fj c and density p c , then by matching the shear waves in the two media at their interface (Kanazawa & Gordon, 1985):…”

Section: The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (Qcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

Ramsden¹

1994

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

177

131

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The adsorption of proteins at the solid-liquid interface is a process of fundamental importance in nature. Extensive reviews (MacRitchie, 1978; Andrade & Hlady, 1986; Norde, 1986) testify to the strong interest which has been shown in the problem during the past few decades. Norde & Lyklema (1978) have rightly pointed out that protein adsorption is scientifically intriguing; the phenomenology is complicated and includes many presently apparently irreconcilable observations.

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“…The most important theoretical considerations dealing with sensitivity were published by Sauerbrey (1959) Chi-shun Lu (1975) and Kanazawa & Gordon (1985).…”

Section: General Featubes Of the Measurement Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quartz crystal biosensor for measurement in liquids

Kößlinger

Drost

Aberl

et al. 1992

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

130

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Ahstraet: The detection of anti-human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) antibodies by means of synthetic HIV peptide immobilized on a piezoelectric quartz sensor is demonstrated The measurement set-up consists of an oscillator circuit, a suitably modified AT-cut thickness-shear-mode quartz crystal with gold electrodes, which is housed in a special reaction vessel, and a computercontrolled frequency counter for the registration of the measured frequency values. The quartz crystal is adapted for a steady operation in liquids at a frequency of 20 MHz. In phosphate-buffered saline solution the oscillator reaches a stability of about 0.5 Hz within a few seconds, of about 2 Hz within 10 min and about 30 Hz within 1 h. The frequency shift due to the adsorption of various proteins to the uncoated sensor surface has been investigated. It can be shown that a stable adsorptive binding of proteins to an oscillating gold surface is feasible and can be used for the immobilization of a receptor layer (e.g. HIV peptide). Specific binding of the anti-HIV monoclonal antibody to the HIV peptide immobilized on the quartz sensor is demonstrated. Control experiments show, however, additional unspecific binding. According to the experiments, the Sauerbrey formula gives a sufficiently accurate value for the decrease of the resonant frequency due to adsorption or binding of macromolecular proteins on the quartz crystal surface.

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The oscillation frequency of a quartz resonator in contact with liquid

Cited by 1,257 publications

References 6 publications

Layer guided shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes

Layer guided shear horizontally polarized acoustic plate modes

Experimental methods for investigating protein adsorption kinetics at surfaces

A quartz crystal biosensor for measurement in liquids

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