The other dimension of third‐level politics in Europe: The congress of local and regional powers of the council of Europe

Federalism and foreign relations: the nascent role of the Indian states

“…The phenomenon of foreign policy involvement by non-central governments is not restricted to federal systems alone, but is also becoming a noticeable phenomenon in other systems. In Europe there are various arrangements at the subnational level linking local authorities across state borders, even under unitary systems of government (de Castro 1999;Bullman 1996). The cluster of interactions that take place at this level has little or no reference to the central government.…”