The Outcomes of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for High-Density Renal Stone on Non-Contrast Computed Tomography

Abstract

Introduction Urinary lithiasis is usually managed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Patients are examined using non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) in order to evaluate the feasibility of ESWL, according to where the stone is located and how big is its size. The objective of this study is to determine the outcomes of ESWL in patients having high-density renal stone, evaluated using NCCT. Materials and methods A descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi for six months. Patients of either gender aged between 25-50 years, who presented with solitary renal and ureteric calculi of 0.5-2 cm in diameter and high-density renal stones [>750 hounsfield units (HU)] were enrolled. ESWL was performed and a satisfactory outcome was defined as complete stone clearance in less than or equal to three ESWL sessions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze frequencies and percentages of the number of ESWL sessions, complete renal stone clearances, and satisfactory outcomes at the end of 12 weeks. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of the patient was reported to be 34.08 ± 9.53 years. 51.6% male preponderance was noticed. Renal and ureteric stones were found in 69.7% and 30.3% of patients, respectively. 21.3% of patients showed stone clearance after two ESWL sessions, 27% of patients after three ESWL sessions, and 51.6% of patients after four ESWL sessions. Stone clearance was found in 58.2% of patients and a satisfactory outcome was found in 42.6% of patients. Conclusions Our results signify a satisfactory outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for high-density renal stone on non-contrast computed tomography. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to validate these results.

Efficacy of music therapy for pain control of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

“…As the least invasive method, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is regarded as one of the most accepted and used therapies to treat kidney stones. [1][2][3][4][5] However, many patients suffer from obvious pain during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and the pain is caused by the damages of lowfrequency sound waves and cavitation in the kidney tissue. [6][7][8] Patients who inevitably tolerate pain during lithotripsy processes have poor pain relief, delayed recovery, and bad patient satisfaction.…”

The effect of the distraction of thought by music on pain relief in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: A randomized controlled trial

“…Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the most accepted and used therapies for patients with kidney stones and is considered to be the least invasive method for this purpose (1). Most patients experience pain during surgery that is due to damages caused by the effects of low-frequency sound waves and cavitation in the kidney tissue (2).…”