The Oxford Clinical Cataract Classification and Grading System

Sparrow, J M; Bron, Anthony J.; Brown, Nicola; Ayliffe, William; Hill, Adrian R.

doi:10.1007/bf00137534

Cited by 220 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Several clinical systems of cataract grading have been suggested. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] Most of them use a set of standard photos of nuclear opacities and assess the proportion of the pupil occupied by the cortical/PSC opacities.…”

Section: Quantification Of Lens Opacity Measurements In Risk Factor Amentioning

confidence: 99%

External factors in the development of cataract

Robman

Taylor

2005

Eye

173

114

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Aims To provide an update on the risk factors for cataract development. Methods Review of the literature. Results Age and heredity are the most important risk factors associated with the different types of cataract. While the hereditary component is self-explanatory, increasing age serves as a surrogate for a number of potential external risk factors, the effect of which is cumulative. Identification of the risk factors that have a causal effect on cataract development may provide means for cataract prevention. There are only a few risk factors that satisfy the criteria for causal effect: smoking, which results in the increased risk of nuclear cataract, excessive UV-B exposure and diabetes that increase the risk of cortical cataract, and steroidal treatment, diabetes and ionising radiation that lead to the formation of posterior subcapsular opacity. The effect of medications on cataract development requires further study, since the effect of the diseases should be distinguished from that of treatment. 'Stop Smoking' and 'UV-B protection' campaigns are gaining momentum as preventative measures, while the attempts to actively prevent cataract with antioxidants have not been successful. Cataract research has been facilitated lately by improvements of precision and standardisation in measuring lens opacities. However, measurement precision on its own cannot give us a solution to this problem. Conclusion The major studies repeatedly measure the exposure to the traditional health hazards, while the missing parts in the equation are those risk factors that we do not know about and therefore do not measure. New approaches and new hypotheses are needed.

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Section: Quantification Of Lens Opacity Measurements In Risk Factor Amentioning

confidence: 99%

External factors in the development of cataract

Robman

Taylor

2005

Eye

173

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The presence and severity of the cataract can be determined by trained graders comparing the photographs with a series of standards. Several of these systems exist, 1,[7][8][9][10] and most of them are based on input data from slit lamp images. Although some are very complete but difficult to apply clinically, 7 others focus on the possibility to quickly evaluate the cataract in a simple and reproducible way 1,8 or are designed to grade a specific type of cataract.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of these systems exist, 1,[7][8][9][10] and most of them are based on input data from slit lamp images. Although some are very complete but difficult to apply clinically, 7 others focus on the possibility to quickly evaluate the cataract in a simple and reproducible way 1,8 or are designed to grade a specific type of cataract. 10 Currently, the most widely used system is the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III), 9 which evaluates the cataract using slit lamp images of the lens with either direct focal or retro illumination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Cataract Crystalline Lens Imaging With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Castro

Benito

Manzanera

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To image, describe, and characterize different features visible in the crystalline lens of older adults with and without cataract when imaged three-dimensionally with a sweptsource optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system. METHODS.We used a new SS-OCT laboratory prototype designed to enhance the visualization of the crystalline lens and imaged the entire anterior segment of both eyes in two groups of participants: patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery, n ¼ 17, age range 36 to 91 years old, and volunteers without visual complains, n ¼ 14, age range 20 to 81 years old. Precataract surgery patients were also clinically graded according to the Lens Opacification Classification System III. The three-dimensional location and shape of the visible opacities were compared with the clinical grading.RESULTS. Hypo-and hyperreflective features were visible in the lens of all pre-cataract surgery patients and in some of the older adults in the volunteer group. When the clinical examination revealed cortical or subcapsular cataracts, hyperreflective features were visible either in the cortex parallel to the surfaces of the lens or in the posterior pole. Other type of opacities that appeared as hyporeflective localized features were identified in the cortex of the lens. The OCT signal in the nucleus of the crystalline lens correlated with the nuclear cataract clinical grade. CONCLUSIONS.A dedicated OCT is a useful tool to study in vivo the subtle opacities in the cataractous crystalline lens, revealing its position and size three-dimensionally. The use of these images allows obtaining more detailed information on the age-related changes leading to cataract.

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“…7A), it is possible to see similarities with zones in classical anatomic drawings (Fig. 7B) (Duke-Elder and Wybar, 1961) and to identify bands that accord with the Oxford classification system (Sparrow et al, 1986). The outermost thin, bright band represents the capsule and epithelium and the adjacent dark band corresponds to C1a which contains newly synthesised fibre cells (Michael and Bron, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Optical properties of the lens: an explanation for the zones of discontinuity

Pierscionek

Bahrami

Hoshino

et al. 2016

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Keywords:eye lens refractive index zones of discontinuity light scatter implant design a b s t r a c tThe structural basis of zones of discontinuity in the living human eye lens has not been elucidated, and there is no conclusive explanation for what relevance they may have to the structure and function of the lens. Newly developed synchrotron radiation based X-ray Talbot interferometry has enabled the detection of subtle fluctuations in the human eye lens which, when used in mathematical modelling to simulate reflected and scattered light, can recreate the image of the lens seen in the living human eye. The results of this study show that the zones of discontinuity may be caused by subtle fluctuations in the refractive index gradient as well as from random scattering in the central regions. As the refractive index contours are created by cell layers with progressively varying protein concentrations, the zones are linked to growth and will contain information about ageing and development. The index gradient is important for image quality and fluctuations in this gradient may add to quality optimisation and serve as models for designs of new generation implant lenses.

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The Oxford Clinical Cataract Classification and Grading System

Cited by 220 publications

References 29 publications

External factors in the development of cataract

External factors in the development of cataract

Three-Dimensional Cataract Crystalline Lens Imaging With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Optical properties of the lens: an explanation for the zones of discontinuity

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