“…However numerous studies consistently demonstrate that patients continue to suffer unnecessary pain; that pain is poorly assessed and managed and is a low nursing priority (Dihle et al 2006, Clabo 2008, Mackintosh-Franklin 2014Jabusch et al 2015. Lack of knowledge and understanding has been identified as a key contributory factor (Twycross 2007, Al-Khawaldeh 2013, Krokmyrdal and Andenaes 2015, Chow and Chan 2015 and this has frequently been linked to failings in educational preparation (Twycross 2000, Shaw and Lee 2010, Duke et al 2013.…”