The Paleogeography of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Storm Depositional Systems

Marsaglia, Kathleen M.; Klein, George

doi:10.1086/628752

Cited by 149 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…Storms probably reworked these continental siliciclastic discharges as suggested by predominant transport directions towards the NW (see paleocurrent data in Fig. 5B; facies association C), which was the pathway of hurricanes in the Late Jurassic (Marsaglia and DeVries, 1983;Bádenas and Aurell, 2001a). Ooids migrated in shoals and protected a shallow lagoon (Fig.…”

Section: I: Large-scale Cross-bedded Sandstone Facies Associationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Sequences start with oolitic packstone-grainstone facies (F6), which gradually changes upwards to bioclastic and peloidal packstone and packstone-grainstone facies (F8A). The bioclastic towards the northwest (indicating a transport towards the continent), because they coincide with the pathway of hurricanes during the Late Jurassic (Marsaglia and DeVries, 1983;Bádenas and Aurell, 2001a), which affected the storm-dominated carbonate ramp developed in other areas of the Iberian Basin (Bádenas and Aurell, 2001a;2001b;.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Facies Association Bmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Revisiting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of the NW South Iberian Basin: new ages and sedimentary environments

Campos-Soto

Benito

Mas

et al. 2016

Journal of Iberian Geology

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The study of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits (Higueruelas, Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Formations) of the South Iberian Basin (NW Valencia, Spain) reveals new stratigraphic and sedimentological data, which have significant implications on the stratigraphic framework, depositional environments and age of these units. Moreover, these new data encourage revising the previously proposed stratigraphic correlations between the studied units and those deposited in adjacent areas of the Iberian Basin.The Higueruelas Fm was deposited in a mid-inner carbonate platform where oncolitic bars migrated by the action of storms and where oncoid production progressively decreased towards the uppermost part of the unit. The overlying Villar del Arzobispo Fm has been traditionally interpreted as an inner platform-lagoon evolving into a tidal-flat. Here it is interpreted as an inner-carbonate platform affected by storms, where oolitic shoals protected a lagoon, which had siliciclastic inputs from the continent. The Aldea de Cortés Fm has been previously interpreted as a lagoon surrounded by tidal-flats and fluvial-deltaic plains. Here it is reinterpreted as a coastal wetland where siliciclastic muddy deposits interacted with shallow fresh to marine water bodies, aeolian dunes and continental siliciclastic inputs.The contact between the Higueruelas and Villar del Arzobispo Fms, classically defined as gradual, is interpreted here as gradual and rapid, because the transition between both units comprises few meters. More importantly, the contact between the Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Fms, previously considered as unconformable, is here interpreted as gradual.The presence of Alveosepta in the Villar del Arzobispo Fm suggests that at least part of this unit is Kimmeridgian, unlike the previously assigned Late Tithonian-Middle Berriasian age. Consequently, the underlying Higueruelas Fm, previously considered Tithonian, should not be younger than Kimmeridgian. Accordingly, sedimentation of the Aldea de Cortés Fm, previously considered Valanginian-Hauterivian, probably started during the Tithonian and it may be considered part of the regressive trend of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous cycle. This is consistent with the dinosaur faunas, typically Jurassic, described in the Villar del Arzobispo and Aldea de Cortés Fms Keywords: Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic platform, coastal wetland, Foraminifera, Spain, Kimmeridgian, Tithonian Resumen El estudio de los depósitos del Jurásico Superior-Cretácico Inferior (formaciones Higueruelas, Villar del Arzobispo y Aldea de Cortés) de la Cuenca Suribérica (NO provincia de Valencia, E España) ha revelado nuevos datos estratigráficos y sedimentológicos, que tienen implicaciones importantes sobre el marco estratigráfico, el ambiente sedimentario y la edad de estas unidades. Además, estos nuevos datos sugieren que se deberían revisar las correlaciones estratigráficas realizadas previamente entre las unidades estudiadas y aquéllas depositadas en otras áreas adya...

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Section: I: Large-scale Cross-bedded Sandstone Facies Associationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Interpretation Of Facies Association Bmentioning

confidence: 98%

Revisiting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of the NW South Iberian Basin: new ages and sedimentary environments

Campos-Soto

Benito

Mas

et al. 2016

Journal of Iberian Geology

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“…The climatic conditions, along with the distribution of the land areas and oceans during the Kimmeridgian, favoured the development of hurricanes. According to Marsaglia and Klein (1983), the shallow areas located in northern and western Europe had a mixed in¯uence of hurricanes and winter storms. These authors propose a northwest pathway for the hurricanes that affected the shallow areas of the Iberian basin.…”

Section: Palaeogeographic and Palaeoclimatic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1; Marsaglia and Klein, 1983). The major storms, particularly hurricanes, would create high water elevations (storm surges) that would eventually result in a bottom return¯ow (storm surge ebb or return current) capable of transporting sand directly seaward, rather than parallel to isobaths (Walker, 1984).…”

Section: Description Of the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximal–distal facies relationships and sedimentary processes in a storm dominated carbonate ramp (Kimmeridgian, northwest of the Iberian Ranges, Spain)

Bádenas

Aurell

2001

Sedimentary Geology

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Facies analysis of the upper Kimmeridgian rocks in the outcrops located near Ricla (Zaragoza province, northeast Spain) and the integration of the resultant data in a broader context (the northern part of the Iberian Basin), has produced two general models showing the facies distribution and the processes that controlled the sedimentation in the Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp. Using these two models the transition from shallow to relatively deep environments of the carbonate ramp is examined in detail. Model 1 corresponds to the development of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp during a slow rise and stillstand of sea level (Sequence 1-HST), whereas Model 2 represents the growth of a pure carbonate ramp during a rapid rise of sea level (Sequence 2-TST).Carbonate production was higher in the shallow ramp domains (coral reefs and oolitic shoals in Model 1 and reefs in Model 2) than in deeper domains, where there is no indication of signi®cant pelagic or benthic production. The activity of unidirectional return¯ows induced by winter storms and hurricanes, played an important role in the redistribution of the sediment across the ramp, generating different coarse-grained deposits. In the inner and mid-ramp settings dunes, lower scale bedforms and tempestites occur in Model 1, and storm lobes, bars and tempestites in Model 2. Moreover, a signi®cant bulk of the carbonate mud produced in shallow areas would eventually be resedimented in the outer ramp as suspended load in the density currents. Stillstand of sea level in Model 1 involved a rapid progradation of the inner and proximal mid-ramp carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The rapid relative sea level rise of Model 2 is determined by the dominance of the carbonate facies and by the presence of aggradational geometries in the transitional area between shallow and deep-ramp domains. The presence of relatively thick sections in the outer-ramp settings (instead of condensed sections, as observed in Model 1) during times of sea level rise (Model 2) can mainly be explained by the increase of the shallow production in the reef dominated areas. q

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“…Duke [1985a, b] argued that hummocky cross stratification is overwhelmingly a by-product of hurricanes. In contrast, Marsaglia and Klein [1983] suggest that severe winter storms were the dominant cause of HCS. GENESIS predicts 46 of the 62 reports of hummocky cross stratification; the majority of unexplained hummocky cross stratification deposits are located in the WIS. Of the 46 predicted deposits, 47% are attributed to …”

Section: Associated With Warmer Temperatures the Aerial Extent Of Trmentioning

confidence: 93%

Storm activity in ancient climates: 2. An analysis using climate simulations and sedimentary structures

Psuclim

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Severe storms generate sedimentary structures and textures that can be identified in the geologic record. A companion paper [PSUCLIM, this issue] describes the genesis and distribution of both winter storms and hurricanes and their sensitivity to climatic and geographic variables. In this paper, a total of 90 storm deposits are compared to GENESIS climate simulations in order to examine storm activity from the Permian to the Cretaceous and to evaluate the ability of the model to predict storms in ancient environments. Approximately 70% of the observed deposits are predicted by the models. The majority of the missed deposits are associated with recognizable errors. If these specific sources of error are eliminated, the model predicts over 90% of observed deposits. This degree of accuracy allows the assignment of generative processes to individual deposits; however, causative differences between hummocky cross stratification and tempestite type deposits are not distinguishable. The distribution of severe storms through Earth history varies as a function of both continental geometry and climate. Elevated atmospheric CO2 appears to homogenize the latitudinal distribution of storm deposits by expanding the area of hurricane genesis. Geography exerted the dominant control on winter storm distribution and was responsible for a shift in the concentration of winter storm' deposits from the Southern Hemisphere in the Early Permian to the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-Cretaceous. IntroductionInstead, the objective must be to utilize storm predictio Global climate simulations, by providing physically based considerations of climatic and geographic controls, may provide a powerful means for evaluating severe storm activity through geologic time. In the first paper, [PSUCLIM, this issue (hereinafter referred to as PSUCLIM 1)] results describing the sensitivity of severe storm activity (both hurricanes and winter storms) to changes in geography, topography, CO2, solar variations, and ocean heat transport are presented. Here we evaluate storm activity in the past using climate model simulations for seven time periods from the Early Permian (-281 Ma) to the mid-Cretaceous (-100 Ma). This interval spans from an icehouse period, during which extensive continental ice was present to a greenhouse period, during which continental ice is believed to have been absent [Frakes et al, 1992]. In this work, we address three main issues.First, we assess how well model predictions of storm activity agree with the temporal and geographic distribution of sedimentary structures attributed by previous workers to storm activity. We anticipate good agreement between the model simulations and the geologic record but are cognizant that geologic interpretation may be flawed and that model accuracy is affected both by the limitations of general circulation models (GCMs) in general and by the reliability of specified boundary conditions. Second, by examining the distribution of severe storms relative to generative processes, we determine whet...

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The Paleogeography of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Storm Depositional Systems

Cited by 149 publications

References 10 publications

Revisiting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of the NW South Iberian Basin: new ages and sedimentary environments

Revisiting the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of the NW South Iberian Basin: new ages and sedimentary environments

Proximal–distal facies relationships and sedimentary processes in a storm dominated carbonate ramp (Kimmeridgian, northwest of the Iberian Ranges, Spain)

Storm activity in ancient climates: 2. An analysis using climate simulations and sedimentary structures

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