The Parathyroid Glandules. Their Blood Supply, and Their Preservation in Operation Upon the Thyroid Gland

Halsted, William S.; Evans, Herbert M.

doi:10.1097/00000658-190710000-00001

Cited by 178 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…In some cases, exogenous replacement therapy is needed (3). Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurs in 0.5 to 2.9% of patients undergoing bilateral subtotal resection and in 0-33% of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (4)(5)(6). In this study, the incidence of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia following total, near total and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy performed in our clinic during the last 3 years and the relationship of hypocalcemia with surgical, clinical and biological factors of interest were analyzed retrospectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the factors that have an effect on hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy

Kalyoncu¹,

Gönüllü²,

Gedik³

et al. 2014

UCD

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Objective: The incidence of and risk factors for hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy were evaluated in this study. Material and Methods:One hundred and ninety thyroidectomy patients were evaluated retrospectively for factors that might contribute to postoperative hypocalcemia; age, hyperthyroidism, malignancy, the extent of surgery (total/near total/subtotal thyroidectomy), cervical lymph node dissection, and incidental parathyroidectomy. Results:The rate of transient hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism was 19.47%, with a permanent hypoparathyroidism rate of 4.74%. Factors affecting the development of transient hypocalcemia were found as being operated for hyperthyroidism, and use of total thyroidectomy as the surgical method. Total thyroidectomy increased the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia by 3.16 fold. Patients undergoing operations for hyperthyroidism had a 2.3 fold increase, and those undergoing total thyroidectomy had a 3.16 fold risk of postoperative hypocalcemia. Conclusion:Hyperthyroidism surgery and total thyroidectomy lead to a higher risk of developing early postoperative or transient hypocalcemia. According to our results, no significant relationship could be established between any of the study parameters and persistent hypocalcemia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the factors that have an effect on hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy

Kalyoncu¹,

Gönüllü²,

Gedik³

et al. 2014

UCD

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“…Injury of the parathyroid glands is a common cause of hypocalcemia (6). In order to prevent injury of the parathyroid glands, Halsted and Evans recommend a very thorough and careful surgical technique during thyroidectomy (9). Due to the variable number of parathyroid glands and the anatomical variations in each patient, injury and/ or incidental resection of the parathyroids is possible (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery: risk factors, incidence, and outcomes

Özoğul¹,

Akçay²,

Kısaoğlu³

et al. 2014

Turk J Med Sci

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Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method using a non-ionic surfactant, oleyl amine (OLM), in the presence of urea. The reactions were carried out at different calcination temperatures and varying concentrations of surfactant and urea. The effect of these reaction parameters on the particles' size, distribution, surface area, and the average pore diameter were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Larger tin oxide nanoparticles were obtained with higher concentrations of urea. At the optimum experimental conditions, tin oxide nanoparticles with mean particle size of 9.92 nm and surface area of 31.82 m 2 g −1 were obtained. Particle size further decreased to 5.36 nm with the addition of surfactant having a concentration below CMC. Elimination of surfactant from tin-surfactant composites after calcination yielded mesoporous particles but the increase in calcination temperature resulted in larger and highly aggregated tin oxide particles.

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“…7,26 Halsted's "capsular dissection" with ligation of the tertiary branches of ITA is a viable alternative to prevent complications. 45 Use of electrothermal bipolar vessel sealer (Ligasure) or ultrasonic devices (harmonic focus)may be helpful in reducing postoperative temporary hypocalcemia. 46,47 During the surgery, if a parathyroid gland is accidentally excised or devascularized, the standard of care is to autotransplant the gland in situ.…”

Section: Intraoperative Strategies To Prevent Postoperative Hypocalcemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocalcemia: What a Surgeon should know

Mayilvaganan¹,

Kolly²,

Sarathi³

et al. 2017

World Journal of Endocrine Surgery

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Hypocalcemia is one of the sequelae following thyroidectomy (TT) and becomes a complication when it becomes permanent. Parathyroid preservation is a crucial step in the skillful operative procedure of TT. When due care is not taken, the surgeon and the treating physician are faced with the issue of treating the dreaded complication of permanent hypocalcemia. In this article, we address the issue of hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery and its management.

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The Parathyroid Glandules. Their Blood Supply, and Their Preservation in Operation Upon the Thyroid Gland

Cited by 178 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of the factors that have an effect on hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy

Analysis of the factors that have an effect on hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy

Incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery: risk factors, incidence, and outcomes

Hypocalcemia: What a Surgeon should know

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