The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS): an Indonesian Validation Study

Sumargi, Agnes Maria; Filus, Ania; Morawska, Alina; Sofronoff, Kate

doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0926-y

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The family adjustment scores for the three factors rated by mothers and fathers were calculated separately. Sumargi et al (2018) reported the internal consistencies for the parental adjustment, family relationships, and parental teamwork subscales were .67, .76, and .76, respectively. In this current study, the internal consistencies of the family relationship subscales reported by fathers and mothers were .63 and .73, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS; , Family adjustment subscale, was used to assess the adjustment ability of a family. The Indonesian version of the subscale consists of 8 items (Sumargi et al, 2018) divided into three factors: three items of parental adjustment, three items of family relationships, and two items of parental teamwork. Example items include "I feel stressed or worried" and "Our family members fight or argue."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Sanders et al (2014), family adjustment consists of three factors, including (1) parental emotional adjustment (parents' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression); (2) family relationships (the degree of social support and family conflicts); and (3) parental teamwork (the level of support received from the spouse when parenting their children). Several studies have shown significant, positive relationships of family adjustment factors with parenting, as well as with child behaviors (Guo, Morawska, & Filus, 2017;Sanders et al, 2014: Sumargi, Filus, Morawska, & Sofronoff, 2018. Low levels of emotional adjustment, family relationships, and parental teamwork were all associated with ineffective parenting and increased child problem behaviors.…”

Section: Jurnal Psikologimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parenting Styles and Their Impacts on Child Problem Behaviors

2020

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Managing child problem behaviors as early as possible is crucial. Several studies have shown the impact of parenting on child problem behavior; however, the studies did not investigate the influence of paternal and maternal parenting on child behavior separately. This study aimed to test the effect of mothers’ and fathers’ authoritative and authoritarian parenting on child problem behavior. Furthermore, this study examined the influence of family adjustment on parenting styles. Participants were 105 pairs of parents (fathers and mothers). They completed a set of questionnaires assessing their parenting styles, child problem behavior, and family adjustment. Multiple regression analyses resulted in a significant effect of mothers’ authoritative parenting on child emotional problems, as well as significant effects of fathers’ authoritative and authoritarian parenting on child behavioral problems. Another key finding was that parental teamwork predicted the effectiveness of parenting.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Jurnal Psikologimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parenting Styles and Their Impacts on Child Problem Behaviors

2020

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“…The primary caregiver was then administered a detailed questionnaire adapted from the PAFAS, which was designed by [19] to measure parenting skills. Previous studies have demonstrated the PAFAS to yield both reliability and validation in developed countries, such as Australia [19], and developing countries, such as Indonesia [20]. The PAFAS was adapted to the Chinese language and context in [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Parenting Skills and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China

Zhong

Chen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This paper empirically investigates the relationships between caregivers’ parenting skills and early cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional development of children aged 6–24 months. The study is based on data from a survey conducted in 100 villages in a typical poor rural area in western China. A total of 1715 households were enrolled in the study. In the study, Parent and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS), Bayley Scales of Infant Development version III (BSID-III), and a socioeconomic questionnaire were used to measure caregiver’s parenting skills, child’s development outcomes, and socioeconomic characteristics in sample households, respectively. Multivariate regression was used to estimate the relationship between a caregiver’s parenting skills and the child’s development outcomes. The results show that, first, parenting skills are positively and significantly associated with children’s cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional development, and the link between parenting skills and social-emotional development is the strongest; second, the correlation between parenting skills and development outcomes varies across socioeconomic characteristics and parenting skill dimensions. The results provide evidence for the relationship between parenting skills and early childhood development in rural households in western China. Our findings also suggest that interventions aimed at improving caregivers’ parenting skills during the early stages are necessary for human capital development in rural China.

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“…The PAFAS subscales have shown good internal consistencies in two Australian samples (ranging from .70 to .87) and satisfactory construct and predictive validity (Sanders et al, ). Furthermore, the measure has been validated in other cultures, such as Panama (Mejia, Filus, Calam, Morawska, & Sanders, ), Indonesia (Sumargi, Filus, Morawska, & Sofronoff, ) and China (Guo, Morawska, & Filus, ). In both studies, the factor structures in the original PAFAS measure were mostly retained with fewer items and adequate internal consistencies (ranging from .50 to .82 and from .65 to .95 for Chinese and Panamanian parents, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving for children through conflict and displacement: a pilot study testing the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a light touch parenting intervention for caregivers in the West Bank

et al. 2019

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A child's adjustment to wartime stress is reliant not only on individual responses and qualities, but very significantly on the availability of support that they may receive from their parent or caregivers and quality of relationships. Strengthening parental support has the potential to be valuable. A pilot two‐arm randomised controlled trial investigated the feasibility of delivering and evaluating the “Caring for Children Through Conflict and Displacement” intervention with caregivers in the West Bank. Feasibility to recruit and train non‐specialist staff on‐the‐ground to screen families for eligibility, collect outcome data, deliver the intervention and to recruit and retain families in the study were examined. Research staff and intervention facilitators were successfully appointed in the field, screened participants and delivered the intervention to 120 caregivers, collecting outcome measures pre‐and post‐delivery. All families completed the outcome measures, with very little missing data. This indicated that the intervention can be delivered feasibly and evaluated with families in this humanitarian context. Preliminary outcome data showed promise that the intervention may have the potential to both improve family functioning and reduce children's problem behaviour. Implications of family‐focused initiatives, particularly within a conflict/post‐conflict context for the prevention of several negative health and social outcomes directions, are discussed.

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The Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS): an Indonesian Validation Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Parenting Styles and Their Impacts on Child Problem Behaviors

Parenting Styles and Their Impacts on Child Problem Behaviors

Relationships between Parenting Skills and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China

Caregiving for children through conflict and displacement: a pilot study testing the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a light touch parenting intervention for caregivers in the West Bank

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