The pathogenecity of H5N1 highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus clade 2.3.2. in Indonesian indigenous chicken by contact tranmission with infected duck

Abstract

An experimental transmission study was conducted using nine healthy Indonesian indigenous chickens placed together with two 30 days old ducks which were experimentally infected with H5N1 HPAI clade 2.3.2 virus in the Biosafety Laboratory Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities. The aim of the study was to find out the pathogenicity of H5N1 HPAI virus clade 2.3.2 in Indonesian indigenous chickens. The study showed that within twenty four hours rearing, the chickens were exhibited mild clinical signs and by 48 hours, all of the chickens died, whereas the ducks survived but with severe clinical signs. The H5N1 HPAI virus has been successfully isolated from chickens and ducks swabs, confirming that those animals were infected by the virus. Histologically, the infected chicken encountered with severe inflammation reaction namely non suppuratives encephalitis, tracheitis, myocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, proventriculitis, enteritis, pancreatitis, nephritis and bursitis. Necrotizing spleen and pancreas were also prominent. Viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in various affected visceral organs. This suggests that Indonesian indigenous chickens were susceptible to H5N1 HPAI virus clade 2.3.2 and it can be transmitted easily to Indonesian indigenous chickens by contact transmission with infected ducks.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreaks in West Java Indonesia 2015–2016: Clinical Manifestation and Associated Risk Factors

“…The results suggest that clade 2.3.2.1c of HPAI A(H5N1) is more virulent to ducks than the previously circulating clade 2.1.3. Our observations are in line with those observed in ducks after experimental inoculation of this virus clade [34], but the background for the difference in clinical manifestations of the two different subgroup of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1c (A and B) is not clear yet. Previous pathobiological study of A(H5N1) infections showed different clinical manifestation of Indonesian A(H5N1) viruses representing clades 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 in ducks and chickens [35].…”

Prevalence of avian influenza in humans and different bird species in Indonesia: A review

“…The highest prevalence and mortality were reported in backyard chickens (average 59%, range: 49-69%), compared to ducks (average 32%, range: 19-45%) and other birds (average 28%, range: 16-40%) (11,12). Another study conducted by R. Damayanti et al (39) to determine the effect and pathogenicity of AIV H5N1 HPAI virus found clade 2.3.2 in 30-day old infected ducks and indigenous chickens by rearing together. The results of the investigation revealed that all chickens have died after 48 hours, whereas ducks just displayed clinical indications (39).…”

“…Another study conducted by R. Damayanti et al (39) to determine the effect and pathogenicity of AIV H5N1 HPAI virus found clade 2.3.2 in 30-day old infected ducks and indigenous chickens by rearing together. The results of the investigation revealed that all chickens have died after 48 hours, whereas ducks just displayed clinical indications (39). In comparison to ducks, chickens have a higher infection and incidence rate of AIV.…”

Deteksi Virus Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 pada Itik di Pasar Hewan Beringkit dan Pasar Galiran, Bali

“…Keberagaman jenis unggas yang dijual di pasar meningkatkan potensi penyebaran HPAI dari itk yang terinfeksi pada penelitian ini. Itik yang terinfeksi dapat menyebarkan virus kepada ayam dan unggas rentan lain secara efisien dengan tingkat kematian yang tinggi, karena ayam dan unggas lain memiliki kerentanan yang relatif lebih tinggi terhadap HPAI H5N1 dibandingkan dengan itik (Damayanti et al, 2017;Kang et al, 2017).…”