The Pathogenesis of Diabetes

Guo, Haichang; Wu, Haili; Li, Zhuoyu

doi:10.3390/ijms24086978

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…The inverse association between DRRD and renal cancer risk in the study may be explained by the following mechanisms. It is known that diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and the development of diabetes mainly includes the following three aspects: insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory effect, and compensatory excessive insulin production [ 39 ], which exhibits overlapping mechanisms with renal cancer [ 4 ]. First, insulin can directly or indirectly regulate the production of hepatic IGF-1 [ 40 ], and relevant clinical research has confirmed that elevated serum IGF-I levels are linked to a greater risk of renal cancer [ 6 , 7 ] and that insulin resistance further enhances the above effects [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Xiang,

Xiao,

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Background There is little prospective evidence exists about whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) is related to a significant reduction in renal cancer risk. We sought to clarify whether adherence to DRRD was associated with a reduced risk of renal cancer in a US population. Methods A population-based cohort of 101,755 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A DRRD score was calculated to assess adherence to this dietary pattern, where increased scores indicated greater adherence. The relationship between DRRD score and risk of renal cancer was assessed based on the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were both calculated using Cox regression. Non-linear association was determined through restricted cubic spline regression. Potential effect modifiers were identified through subgroup analyses. Results Over a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 446 renal cancers were detected. In this analysis, the fully adjusted model depicted a notable 29% reduction in the risk of renal cancer among individuals in the highest quartile of DRRD score in comparison with the lowest quartile individuals (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.94; Ptrend = 0.008). This association remained consistent across a series of sensitivity analyses. A non-linear inverse dose–response association between renal cancer risk with DRRD score was observed (Pnonlinearity = 0.026). Subgroup analyses showed that this favorable link was more prominent in participants with low Healthy Eating Index-2015 (Pinteraction = 0.015). Regarding the individual components of DRRD, a decrease in the risk of renal cancer was linked to increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit, and lower sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicate that individuals adhering to DRRD are associated with a reduction in the risk of renal cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Xiang,

Xiao,

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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“…IR refered to the decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues (mainly liver, fat and adipose tissues) to insulin action caused by various reasons, which reduced the efficiency of insulin in promoting glucose uptake and utilization. Upon the onset of IR, there is an elevation in oxidative stress (OS) within islet β cells and peripheral tissues, resulting in impaired insulin secretion, and the development of T2DM [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between insulin resistance and the rate of neutrophils-lymphocytes, monocytes-lymphocytes, platelets-lymphocytes in type 2 diabetic patients

Zhang,

Liu

2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background Insulin resistance (IR) was a prominent feature commonly observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM Individuals often exhibited a concomitant presence of low-grade chronic inflammation. In this study conducted retrospectively, the aim was to investigate the connection between neutrophils-lymphocytes rate (NLR), monocytes-lymphocytes rate (MLR), platelets-lymphocytes rate (PLR) and IR, specifically among individuals with T2DM. Method This study encompassed a cohort of 405 individuals diagnosed with T2DM, comprising cases from January 2021 to November 2022. On the basis of whether there was IR or not, these sufferers were categorized into two cohorts, namely T2DM with IR group (292 cases) and T2DM without IR group (113 cases), as determined by a homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) value exceeding 2.0. Results The findings of this study demonstrated compelling evidence of distinct biomarker profiles between individuals with T2DM who had IR and those without IR. Specifically, the IR individuals displayed notably raise NLR, MLR, PLR, C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Additionally, there was a noticeable decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Furthermore, IR was negatively correlated with SOD values, while positive associations were found between IR and NLR, CRP, and SAA levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, a rise in NLR and PLR levels demonstrated an identical relationship with the prevalence of IR (p = 0.007, p = 0.025, separately). The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUC) for NLR, MLR, PLR, CRP, SAA and SOD in predicting occurrence of IR in T2DM patients were 0.603, 0.575, 0.581, 0.644, 0.594 and 0.632 respectively, with sensitivity of 79.5%, 95.2%, 46.9%,54.1% (or 51.4), 47.6% (or 45.7%) and 98.6% and specificity of 37.2%, 19.5%, 69.9%, 69% (or 71.7%), 71.6% (or 73.5%) and 23% respectively. Conclusion Our findings support the notion that higher magnitude of NLR, PLR, MLR, CRP, and SAA values, corresponded to lower SOD levels, indicating a more severe degree of IR in T2DM patients. Additionally, NLR, PLR, MLR, CRP, SAA, and SOD demonstrated predictive potential for assessing IR. Regrettably, due to the retrospective nature of this study, it was not feasible to take a measurement the majority of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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“…Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hallmarks of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, closely related to other chronic diseases ( Guo et al, 2023 ). The main trigger is excess glucose accumulation originating from the carbohydrate-rich diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves proanthocyanidins inhibit intestinal glucose transport in human Caco-2 cells

Wang,

Mao,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The hypoglycemic effects of Chinese bayberry leaves proanthocyanidins (BLPs) have been demonstrated. It is unclear, nevertheless, whether BLPs reduced postprandial blood glucose levels by regulating glucose uptake and glucose transport.Method: This study investigated the effect of BLPs (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) on glucose uptake and glucose transport in human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells). The uptake of 2-Deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) and disaccharidases activity in Caco-2 cells were measured. The glucose transport ability across the cell membrane was determined using the established Caco-2 monolayer model. The transcript and protein levels of key glucose transporters were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively.Results: The results showed that BLPs significantly decreased glucose uptake and disaccharidases activity (p < 0.05). Otherwise, BLPs treatment obviously inhibited glucose transport across the Caco-2 monolayer in both simulated-fast (5 mM glucose) and simulated-fed (25 mM glucose) conditions. It was attributed to the suppression of glucose transporter2 (GLUT2) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) by BLPs. BLPs were found to significantly downregulated the transcript level and protein expression of glucose transporters (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) involved in the signaling pathway associated with glucose transport were decreased by BLPs.Conclusion: These results suggested that BLPs inhibited intestinal glucose transport via inhibiting the expression of glucose transporters. It indicated that BLPs could be potentially used as a functional food in the diet to modulate postprandial hyperglycemia.

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The Pathogenesis of Diabetes

Cited by 22 publications

References 207 publications

Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Correlation between insulin resistance and the rate of neutrophils-lymphocytes, monocytes-lymphocytes, platelets-lymphocytes in type 2 diabetic patients

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves proanthocyanidins inhibit intestinal glucose transport in human Caco-2 cells

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