The Patient With Chronic Epididymitis: Characterization Of An Enigmatic Syndrome

Nickel, J. Curtis; Siemens, D. Robert; Nickel, Kyle; Downey, Joe

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65181-6

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The pain in our patients was severe, usually progressive, was worsened by even simple daily activity, and limited many of the activities of daily life like work, social activities, and sports. Many of the men were depressed and most felt that their condition was “terrible.” A similar finding was published by Nickel et al [9]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The impact of CSP on men's sexual and work activities was graded as none, only a little, some, or a lot using the published questionnaire from Nickel et al [9]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we included standardized quality of life and depression questions in the questionnaire [9] and depression score questions [10] as well as standardized questionnaires to identify symptoms of androgen insufficiency (ADAM score) [11]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Etiologies of Chronic Scrotal Pain: A Common but Poorly Understood Condition

Aljumaily

Al-Khazraji

Gordon

et al. 2017

Pain Research and Management

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Chronic scrotal pain (CSP) is a common and debilitating condition, but the underlying characteristics and etiology of CSP are poorly understood. The objective of this study is to identify the characteristic and etiologies of CSP. Men presenting for management of CSP completed a standardized questionnaire and underwent a complete physical examination. From Feb 2014 to Sep 2015, a total of 131 men (mean age 43) with CSP were studied. The CSP was of long duration (mean of 4.7 ± 5.95 years) and dramatically affected men's lives, with adverse effects on normal activities (71.%), ability to work (51.90%), and sexual functioning (61.8%). 50.4% felt depressed on most days, and 67.17% felt either unhappy or terrible with their present condition. Physical examination revealed that the epididymis was the most common tender area found in 70/131 men (53.43%), though a musculoskeletal source for the pain was found in 9.9%. Neuropathic changes were found in 30%. For close to half of the men (43.5%) we were unable to identify any potential cause for the CSP. This study characterizes the dramatic impact that CSP has on the lives of men, while providing an understanding of the common etiologies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The impact of CSP on men's sexual and work activities was graded as none, only a little, some, or a lot using the published questionnaire from Nickel et al [9]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Etiologies of Chronic Scrotal Pain: A Common but Poorly Understood Condition

Aljumaily

Al-Khazraji

Gordon

et al. 2017

Pain Research and Management

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“…Patients with an abnormal epididymis or vas deferens confirmed by palpation or direct echography, or presented pain or discomfort located at unilateral or bilateral scrotum, testicle or epididymis for previous 3 months or longer, were considered to have chronic epididymitis . Those chronic epididymitis patients usually presented indurations, irregularities, or thickening in the physical examination and reported a past event of scrotal pain episode related to genital infection or trauma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic epididymitis and leptin and their associations with semen characteristics in men with infertility

Song

Hao

Ma³

et al. 2019

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem The aim of this study was to ascertain the associations between serum leptin levels and chronic epididymitis and semen parameters in patients with infertility. Method of study A total of 846 patients who were diagnosed as primary infertility were enrolled and divided into four groups. The general information, blood lipids, reproductive hormones, and semen parameters were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of leptin were plotted for diagnosis of the poor sperm quality. We used Student's t test and the chi‐squared test to analyze their relationships and used logistic regression analysis to evaluate potential confounding factors. Results Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that leptin had better sensitivity and specificity at the concentration of 6.02 (0.565 and 0.917). Isolated epididymitis or elevated leptin had no effect on sperm concentration and sperm membrane function, but the combination of these conditions would reduce the concentration and normal morphology rate both (P = 0.002, P = 0.005). Epididymitis or elevated leptin can affect the motility of sperms, the former presented more significance (P = 0.000), and the co‐existence would further reduce the sperm motility (P = 0.001). Conclusion Low sperm motility and sperm normal morphology were found to be associated with chronic epididymitis and high leptin. Simultaneously suffering from chronic epididymitis and high leptin could produce a more serious effect on sperm quality.

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“…Scores for this question were quantified on a linear scale from one to seven as 1 = delighted, 2 = pleased, 3 = mostly satisfied, 4 = mixed, 5 = mostly dissatisfied, 6 = unhappy, and 7 = terrible. 14 Earlier work by Andrews and Crandall 16 had suggested that a seven-point scale anchored with the words delighted and terrible was more sensitive and less negatively skewed than a five-point satisfaction scale for quality of life assessment, probably because it allowed for a broader range of affective responses to QOL items. 17…”

Section: Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in men with chronic scrotal pain

Aljumaily

Al-Khazraji

et al. 2017

Canadian Journal of Pain

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Background: Chronic scrotal pain (CSP) is a common and often debilitating condition found in up to 4.75% of men. There is little written on the impact of CSP on men's lives. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand the impact of CSP on men's lives. Methods: Patients with CSP were prospectively asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire, including questions on quality of life (QoL), activities, and mood. Results: The mean age of the 131 patients was 43 years. Pain was intermittent, with severe pain episodes (mean pain scores 7.2 ± 2 out of 10) affecting men on average 40% ± 30% of the time. Overall, 88/131 (67.17%) of patients responded that they felt "unhappy" or "terrible" with their present situation. More than 40% of patients complained of depressive symptoms more than half the days of the month. Normal activities were adversely affected, with 68/131 (51.90%) reporting limited ability to work, 93/131 (70.99%) patients reporting decreased physical activity, and 81/131 (61.83%) reporting decreased sexual activity. Comparing men with pain levels ≥ 7/10 vs. those with pain levels < 7/10, 47% (41/88) vs. 8.1% (3/37) reported that they felt "terrible," 40% (35/88) vs. 13% (5/38) had depressive feelings more than half the time, and 35% (28/80) vs. 16% (6/38) felt little pleasure doing things (P < 0.01 for all). Conclusion: Our study suggests that QoL, mood, and the ability to perform normal activities are profoundly disturbed in CSP patients and that the pain severity is directly related to QoL. RÉSUMÉContexte: La douleur scrotale chronique est une affection commune et souvent débilitante dont souffrent près de 4,75 % des hommes. Il y a peu d'écrits sur l'impact de la douleur scrotale chronique sur la vie des hommes. But: Comprendre l'impact de la douleur scrotale chronique sur la vie des hommes. Méthodes: On a demandé de manière prospective à des patients souffrant de douleur scrotale chronique de remplir un questionnaire détaillé comprenant des questions sur leur qualité de vie, leurs activités et leur humeur. Résultats: L'âge moyen des 131 patients était de 43 ans. La douleur était intermittente, comportait des épisodes de douleur intense (scores de la douleur moyens 7,2 +/-2 sur 10) et affectait les hommes 40 % +/-30 % du temps. Globalement, 88/131 (67,17 %) des patients ont répondu qu'ils se sentaient malheureux ou « horriblement mal » en raison de leur situation actuelle. Plus de 40 % des patients se sont plaints de symptômes de dépression plus de la moitié des jours du mois. Leurs activités habituelles étaient affectées négativement, alors que 68/131 (51,90 %) disaient avoir une capacité de travail limitée, que 93/131 (70,99 %) des patients signalaient une diminution de leur activité physique et que 81/131 (61,83 %) d'entre eux faisaient état d'une diminution de leur activité sexuelle. La comparaison des hommes qui avaient un niveau de douleur ≥ 7/10 à ceux qui avaient un niveau de douleur < 7/10 a révélé que 47 % d'entre eux (41/88) se sentaient « horriblement pas bien » contre 8,1 % (3/37), que 40 %...

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The Patient With Chronic Epididymitis: Characterization Of An Enigmatic Syndrome

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Characteristics and Etiologies of Chronic Scrotal Pain: A Common but Poorly Understood Condition

Characteristics and Etiologies of Chronic Scrotal Pain: A Common but Poorly Understood Condition

Chronic epididymitis and leptin and their associations with semen characteristics in men with infertility

Quality of life in men with chronic scrotal pain

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