The pattern ERG in chicks – Stimulus dependence and optic nerve section

Ostrin, Lisa A; Choh, Vivian; Wildsoet, Christine F.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2016.09.009

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The remainder of the chick retina has an organization similar to that of humans with three layers of nuclei 35 . In terms of retinal electrophysiological responses, Ostrin et al showed that PERG responses were not affected despite the loss of retinal ganglion cells in chicks with optic nerve section (ONS), suggesting that retinal ganglion cells do not contribute to PERG in chicks 39 . These results await a systematic follow-up using pharmacological dissection to study the neuronal origins of MOFO responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced myopia and myopic astigmatism alter retinal electrophysiology in chickens

Vyas

Lakshmanan

Chan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Myopia (or “short-sightedness”) and astigmatism are major causes of visual impairment worldwide. Significant amounts of astigmatism are frequently observed in infants and have been associated with myopia development. Although it is well established that both myopia and astigmatism are associated with ocular structural changes from anterior to posterior segments, very little is known on how these refractive errors alter retinal functions. This study investigated the effects of experimentally induced myopia and myopic-astigmatism on retinal electrophysiology by using an image-guided, multifocal global flash stimulation in chickens, a widely used animal model for refractive error development. Myopia and myopic-astigmatism were experimentally induced, respectively, by wearing spherical (− 10 D, n = 12) and sphero-cylindrical lenses (− 6.00 DS/− 8.00 DCx90: Hyperopic With-The Rule, H-WTR, n = 15; − 6.00 DS/− 8.00 DCx180: Hyperopic Against-The-Rule, H-ATR, n = 11) monocularly for a week (post-hatching day 5 to 12). An aged-matched control group without any lens treatment provided normal data (n = 12). Multifocal electrophysiological results revealed significant regional variation in the amplitude of induced component (IC) (central greater than peripheral; both p < 0.05) in the normal and H-ATR groups, but not in the – 10 D and H-WTR groups. Most importantly, for the first time, our results showed that both H-WTR and H-ATR groups exhibited a significantly longer implicit time of the inner retinal response at the central region when compared to the normal and – 10 D groups, highlighting a significant role of astigmatism in retinal physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced myopia and myopic astigmatism alter retinal electrophysiology in chickens

Vyas

Lakshmanan

Chan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Importantly, the PERG may also have some utility in estimating the visual acuity in the chicken. Using PERG, Ostrin et al (2016) estimated chick visual acuity to be approximately 2.2 cycles/degree, representing notably less than described by OKN testing methods (See Section 2.11). Ostrin et al (2016) speculate that that inherent differences in the visual pathways activated by PERG and OKN testing may be responsible for the difference estimation of visual acuity.…”

Section: Basic Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Using PERG, Ostrin et al (2016) estimated chick visual acuity to be approximately 2.2 cycles/degree, representing notably less than described by OKN testing methods (See Section 2.11). Ostrin et al (2016) speculate that that inherent differences in the visual pathways activated by PERG and OKN testing may be responsible for the difference estimation of visual acuity. Schmid et al (2013) used multifocal ERG (mfERG) to study retinas of normal chicks and those with form-deprivation myopia.…”

Section: Basic Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Both pattern and full field ERGs have identifiable wave forms that can be measured in the chick. Ostrin et al (2016) studied pattern ERGs (PERGs) in normal and experimental chicks after optic nerve transection. Interestingly, chicks with transected optic nerves still demonstrate meaningful PERGs, indicating it is unlikely that retinal ganglion cells play a role in the chick PERG.…”

Section: Basic Anatomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chick eye in vision research: An excellent model for the study of ocular disease

Wisely

Sayed

Tamez

et al. 2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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The domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, serves as an excellent model for the study of a wide range of ocular diseases and conditions. The purpose of this manuscript is to outline some anatomic, physiologic, and genetic features of this organism as a robust animal model for vision research, particularly for modeling human retinal disease. Advantages include a sequenced genome, a large eye, relative ease of handling and maintenance, and ready availability. Relevant similarities and differences to humans are highlighted for ocular structures as well as for general physiologic processes. Current research applications for various ocular diseases and conditions, including ocular imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography, are discussed. Several genetic and non-genetic ocular disease models are outlined, including for pathologic myopia, keratoconus, glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, ocular albinism, and ocular tumors. Finally, the use of stem cell technology to study the repair of damaged tissues in the chick eye is discussed. Overall, the chick model provides opportunities for high-throughput translational studies to more effectively prevent or treat blinding ocular diseases.

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“…Attenuated pERGs to defocus (with plus lenses) and diffuse blur (Bangerter filters) have also been found in chicks. 8 Chin et al 9 have recently studied retinal responses to defocus blur as a function of the retinal region using global flash pattern multifocal ERGs (mfERG). They found a sign-dependent response to defocus in the pattern mfERGs, with the effect being stronger in near peripheral regions between approximately 9 degrees and 19 degrees eccentricity (mfERG rings 3 to 6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Responses to Simulated Optical Blur Using a Novel Dead Leaves ERG Stimulus

Panorgias

Aigbe

Jeong

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal responses to different types and magnitudes of simulated optical blur presented at specific retinal eccentricities using naturalistic images. Methods Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from 27 adults using 30-degree dead leaves naturalistic images, digitally blurred with one of three types of optical blur (defocus, astigmatism, and spherical aberrations), and one of three magnitudes (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 µm) of blur. Digitally computed blur was applied to the entire image, or on an area outside the central 6 degrees or 12 degrees of retinal eccentricity. Results ERGs were significantly affected by blur type, magnitude, and retinal eccentricity. ERGs were differentially affected by defocus and spherical aberrations; however, astigmatism had no effect on the ERGs. When blur was applied only beyond the central 12 degrees eccentricity, the ERGs were unaffected. However, when blur was applied outside the central 6 degrees, the ERG responses were significantly reduced and were no different from the ERGs recorded with entirely blurred images. Conclusions Blur type, magnitude, and location all affect the retinal responses. Our data indicate that the retinal area between 6 and 12 degrees eccentricity has the largest effect on the retinal responses to blur. In addition, certain optical blur types appear to have a more detrimental effect on the ERGs than others. These results cannot be solely explained by changes to image contrast and spatial frequency content, suggesting that retinal neurons might be sensitive to spatial cues in order to differentiate between different blur types.

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The pattern ERG in chicks – Stimulus dependence and optic nerve section

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Experimentally induced myopia and myopic astigmatism alter retinal electrophysiology in chickens

Experimentally induced myopia and myopic astigmatism alter retinal electrophysiology in chickens

The chick eye in vision research: An excellent model for the study of ocular disease

Retinal Responses to Simulated Optical Blur Using a Novel Dead Leaves ERG Stimulus

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