This study aimed to gain insight into export promotion programs (EPPs) and their effects on export performance (EP). Also, the mediating role of marketing implementation capability is examined. The target respondents were leather and leather product export manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used. Owners and managers responsible for exporting leather and leather products were identified and selected to participate in the survey. A total of 178 valid responses were analyzed using the Smart PLS Software (version 4.0). The results show that the use of export promotion programs has a significant impact on export performance. Trade fairs, trade missions, foreign offices, and education and training have significant impacts on export performance. Also, marketing implementation capability mediates between government offered EPPs and export performance. However, ownership and experience doesn’t have moderation impact. This study contributes to the literature on export performance in emerging nations, where search is scant. In addition, we focused on debate on export promotion programs, marketing implementation capability, and export performance.