The Pavlovian craver: Neural and experiential correlates of single trial naturalistic food conditioning in humans

Blechert, Jens; Testa, Giulia; Georgii, Claudio; Klimesch, Wolfgang; Wilhelm, Frank H.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.028

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…After only a few CS-US pairings, participants reported increased chocolate cravings and increased eating expectancies when presented with the CS+ vs. CS-(Van Gucht, Van Gucht, Baeyens, Vansteenwegen, Hermans, & Beckers, 2010;) -a finding that has also been reported by other researchers (Bongers & Jansen, 2015;Bongers, van den Akker, Havermans, & Jansen, 2015;Papachristou, Nederkoorn, Beunen, & Jansen, 2013;Zhang, Manson, Schiller, & Levy, 2014). Notably, a recent study even found increased craving to the CS+ vs. CS-after only one conditioning trial (Blechert, Testa, Georgii, Klimesch, & Wilhelm, 2016). In addition to increased US expectancies and eating desires, studies also reported evidence for a conditioned approach tendency towards the CS+, as well as a greater conditioned liking for the CS+ (Blechert et al, 2016;Papachristou et al, 2013;Van Gucht et al, 2010;.…”

Section: Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In these studies, a few CS-US pairings are usually sufficient to establish conditioned eating expectancies and desires, a recent report even showing conditioned responding after a single CS-US pairing (Blechert, Testa, Georgii, Klimesch, & Wilhelm, 2016). Thus, the present findings suggest that the relative ease of acquisition of conditioned eating desires usually seen in laboratory studies does not translate to the acquisition of eating desires in real-life.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Notably, a recent study even found increased craving to the CS+ vs. CS-after only one conditioning trial (Blechert, Testa, Georgii, Klimesch, & Wilhelm, 2016). In addition to increased US expectancies and eating desires, studies also reported evidence for a conditioned approach tendency towards the CS+, as well as a greater conditioned liking for the CS+ (Blechert et al, 2016;Papachristou et al, 2013;Van Gucht et al, 2010;. Differential neural responses to a food-paired CS+ vs. CS-have also been reported (Blechert et al, 2016;Burger & Stice, 2014;Franken, Huijding, Nijs, & van Strien, 2011).…”

Section: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition to increased US expectancies and eating desires, studies also reported evidence for a conditioned approach tendency towards the CS+, as well as a greater conditioned liking for the CS+ (Blechert et al, 2016;Papachristou et al, 2013;Van Gucht et al, 2010;. Differential neural responses to a food-paired CS+ vs. CS-have also been reported (Blechert et al, 2016;Burger & Stice, 2014;Franken, Huijding, Nijs, & van Strien, 2011). Thus, the relatively limited evidence available suggests that humans quickly develop conditioned appetitive responses through repeated pairings between an arbitrary stimulus and palatable food intake -in line with a Pavlovian learning account of food cue reactivity.…”

Section: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several psychophysiological measures may be suitable for measuring differential responding in appetitive conditioning (Blechert, Testa, Georgii, Klimesch, & Wilhelm, 2016;Franken, Huijding, Nijs, & van Strien, 2011;Meyer, Risbrough, Liang, & Boutelle, 2015;O'Doherty, Dayan, Friston, Critchley, & Dolan, 2003), one particularly promising, easy-to-use, and nonintrusive measure is skin conductance. Skin conductance measures activity of the sympathetic nervous system which is thought to reflect arousal (Dawson, Schell, & Filion, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learned desires

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Section: Acquisitionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learned desires

Akker¹

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Emotional food‐cue‐reactivity in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: An electroencephalography study

Eichin

Georgii

Schnepper

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveFood‐cue‐reactivity entails neural and experiential responses to the sight and smell of attractive foods. Negative emotions can modulate such cue‐reactivity and this might be central to the balance between restrictive versus bulimic symptomatology in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN).MethodPleasantness ratings and electrocortical responses to food images were measured in patients with AN (n = 35), BN (n = 32) and matched healthy controls (HC, n = 35) in a neutral state and after idiosyncratic negative emotion induction while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. The EEG data were analyzed using a mass testing approach.ResultsIndividuals with AN showed reduced pleasantness for foods compared to objects alongside elevated widespread occipito‐central food‐object discrimination between 170 and 535 ms, indicative of strong neural cue‐reactivity. Food‐object discrimination was further increased in the negative emotional condition between 690 and 1200 ms over centroparietal regions. Neither of these effects was seen in individuals with BN.DiscussionEmotion modulated food‐cue‐reactivity in AN might reflect a decreased appetitive response in negative mood. Such specific (emotion‐)regulatory strategies require more theoretical work and clinical attention. The absence of any marked effects in BN suggests that emotional cue‐reactivity might be less prominent in this group or quite specific to certain emotional contexts or food types.Public SignificanceNegative affectivity is a risk factor for the development of eating disorders and individuals with eating disorders experience problems with emotion regulation. To better understand the effects of negative emotions, the present study investigated how they affected neural correlates of food perception in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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Appetitive conditioning with pornographic stimuli elicits stronger activation in reward regions than monetary and gaming‐related stimuli

Krikova,

Klein,

Kampa

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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Appetitive conditioning plays an important role in the development and maintenance of pornography‐use and gaming disorders. It is assumed that primary and secondary reinforcers are involved in these processes. Despite the common use of pornography and gaming in the general population appetitive conditioning processes in this context are still not well studied. This study aims to compare appetitive conditioning processes using primary (pornographic) and secondary (monetary and gaming‐related) rewards as unconditioned stimuli (UCS) in the general population. Additionally, it investigates the conditioning processes with gaming‐related stimuli as this type of UCS was not used in previous studies. Thirty‐one subjects participated in a differential conditioning procedure in which four geometric symbols were paired with either pornographic, monetary, or gaming‐related rewards or with nothing to become conditioned stimuli (CS + porn, CS + game, CS + money, and CS−) in an functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We observed elevated arousal and valence ratings as well as skin conductance responses for each CS+ condition compared to the CS−. On the neural level, we found activations during the presentation of the CS + porn in the bilateral nucleus accumbens, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and the right ventral anterior cingulate cortex compared to the CS−, but no significant activations during CS + money and CS + game compared to the CS−. These results indicate that different processes emerge depending on whether primary and secondary rewards are presented separately or together in the same experimental paradigm. Additionally, monetary and gaming‐related stimuli seem to have a lower appetitive value than pornographic rewards.

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The Pavlovian craver: Neural and experiential correlates of single trial naturalistic food conditioning in humans

Cited by 39 publications

References 57 publications

Learned desires

Learned desires

Emotional food‐cue‐reactivity in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: An electroencephalography study

Appetitive conditioning with pornographic stimuli elicits stronger activation in reward regions than monetary and gaming‐related stimuli

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