The Payne effect revisited

Hentschke, Reinhard

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.28

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The model discussed here extends a previous description of the Payne effect (16). This earlier model asserts the existence of a self-similar distribution of connected filler network strands inside the elastomer material.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The filler network in turn consists of connected strands containing the filler aggregates themselves plus surrounding polymer in close proximity to the filler (indicated by the red hue in the figure). In a previous paper a model was developed for the filler network on the assertion that the network structure is self-similar (16). The resulting theory describes the dependence of the network moduli on strain amplitude and temperature.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a Gaussian centered on u 0 possessing the width s. Note that f u 0 ; δu; s ð Þ describes the strain heterogeneity within the material. In the following, we use the approximation to the integral in Equation (4) suggested in reference (16). However, it is worth to briefly study the limits of very small and very large strain amplitudes.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

Soft Materials

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This work is motivated by the desire to predict tire performance parameter changes, e.g. changes in rolling resistance, in relation to alterations in the chemical composition of rubber recipes. The bridging of scales between the molecular and the macroscopic domain is achieved by interlacing molecular simulations with an analytical model. The latter is an extension of a previous model of the Payne effect in filled elastomers, based on the assertion of a self-similar filler network existing below a certain length scale. In this article an extended model describing tan δ, the loss modulus divided by the storage modulus of the material, is developed. tan δ is a common and useful laboratory indicator for rubber performance parameters in the tire industry, like rolling resistance or wet grip. The model developed here allows to understand tan δ, either in terms of temperature or in terms of strain amplitude, and its dependence on filler particle size, filler loading or filler type. All parameters in the model possess clear physical meaning. The particular appeal of the final expression for tan δ is its ability to relate chemical detail, which enters into the model via independent molecular modeling calculations, to the aforementioned macroscopic tire performance parameters.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

Soft Materials

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“…the pronounced decrease of the storage modulus with increasing strain amplitude in filled rubbers under cyclic loading. Because the Payne effect does not occur in unfilled rubbers, its cause must be related to either the rubber-filler or the filler-filler interface [42]. The value of this effect is therefore influenced by the structure of the filler produced in the polymer matrix, which is destroyed during deformation and is manifested by a decrease in G′.…”

Section: Payne Effect Of Nr Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Cereals Straw Modified with Acetic and Maleic Anhydride: Preparation and Properties

Masłowski

Strzelec

2018

J Polym Environ

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This research paper aims to provide an examinations on biocomposites based on natural rubber (NR), natural straw fibers as well as their production techniques and properties. After pre-alkalization of the fillers, two main modification methods were carried out, with the usage of acetic or maleic anhydride to improve the adhesion of the fibers to the elastomeric matrix. Firstly, physicochemical characterization of straw particles, both pure and modified, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed. Moreover full characterization of the produced composites was also executed, which included: rheogical properties, static and dynamic mechanical properties, crosslinking density, damping properties, tear strength and resistance to simulated aging processes. Increased adhesion between modified straw fibers and the elastomeric matrix was observed for 10 phr filled composites, which was confirmed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). In addition, the impact of the applied modifications was confirmed by higher values of the Payne effect, which resulted from the presence of developed secondary structure of the filler in vulcanizates. Furthermore, the crosslinking density of composites increased, which was reflected in the improvement of tensile properties, determined by tensile and tear strength and relative damping.

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“…On the other hand, electrical conductivity degradation strongly indicated a residual restructuring of conductive paths. Therefore, fatigue transformation in investigated vulcanizates at small strain amplitudes (up to 0.5) was predominantly due to reorganization of CB filler network (filler network breakdown, filler deagglomeration in the framework of self-similarity, polymer debonding from filler surface, strain softening of the polymer shell surrounding fillers, a network junction at small strain, or the jamming transition [26] etc.). All these processes might have led to significant destruction of the conductive paths which was hypothesized through an indigenous scheme shown in Figure 9.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivity After Fatigue Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conductivity degradation of fatigued carbon black reinforced natural rubber composites: Effects of carbon nanotubes and strain amplitudes

Harea¹,

Datta²,

Stěnička³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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The fatigue of rubber products is usually accompanied by undesirable transformation in their properties. The present work was dedicated to the investigation of consequences of fatigue loading on volume electric conductivity of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with 30 phr of fillers composed from various weight combinations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB). Special attention was paid to study the influence of CNTs content on residual electric conductivity and a possible mechanism of fatigue driven rearrangement of hybrid filler network inside of rubber matrix was propounded forward. An increase in the CNTs content over the complete range of concentrations, enhanced the conductivity of fabricated samples up to two orders of magnitude in comparison to rubber compounds without CNTs. All the samples were subjected to harmonic sinusoidal loading at a frequency of 5 Hz up to 10 5 loading cycles at three different strains of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5. Despite very little transformation in the polymer matrix, fatigue caused a progressive degradation of conductivity with an increase in applied strain. It was also found that with the addition and a subsequent increase in the concentration of CNTs, the undesirable reduction of conductivity was significantly arrested. This novel finding added another number to the list of the outstanding properties of CNTs.

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The Payne effect revisited

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Correction

Correction

Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Cereals Straw Modified with Acetic and Maleic Anhydride: Preparation and Properties

Electrical conductivity degradation of fatigued carbon black reinforced natural rubber composites: Effects of carbon nanotubes and strain amplitudes

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