The Perception and Content of Cast Shadows: An Interdisciplinary Review

Dee, Hannah; Santos, Paulo E.

doi:10.1080/13875868.2011.565396

Cited by 31 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In order to correctly interpret shadow information, the visual system must be able to determine which shadows are cast by which objects, a problem known as the shadow correspondence problem (Dee & Santos, 2011). In this experiment, people may not have noticed the scene-altering shadow changes because they were not able to process the scenes deeply enough to solve this problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change blindness for cast shadows in natural scenes: Even informative shadow changes are missed

Ehinger

Allen

Wolfe

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Previous work has shown that human observers discount or neglect cast shadows in natural and artificial scenes across a range of visual tasks. This is a reasonable strategy for a visual system designed to recognize objects under a range of lighting conditions, since cast shadows are not intrinsic properties of the scene – they look different (or disappear entirely) under different lighting conditions. However, cast shadows can convey useful information about the three-dimensional shapes of objects and their spatial relations. In this study, we investigate how well people detect changes to cast shadows, presented in natural scenes in a change blindness paradigm, and whether shadow changes that imply the movement or disappearance of an object are more easily noticed than shadow changes which imply a change in lighting. In Experiment 1, a critical object's shadow was removed, rotated to another direction, or shifted down to suggest the object was floating. All of these shadow changes were noticed less often than changes to physical objects or surfaces in the scene, and there was no different in detection rates for the three types of changes. In Experiment 2, shadows of visible or occluded objects were removed from the scenes. Although removing the cast shadow of an occluded object could be seen as an object deletion, both types of shadow changes were noticed less often than deletions of the visible, physical objects in the scene. These results show that even informative shadow changes are missed, suggesting that cast shadows are discounted fairly early in the processing of natural scenes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change blindness for cast shadows in natural scenes: Even informative shadow changes are missed

Ehinger

Allen

Wolfe

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…When dealing with illumination, boundaries play an important role as they map to shadow silhouettes. These play an important role in shape recognition, as they are one of the main cues for object from ground separation [50]. To benefit from this observation we map the gradient length of a voxel to a local weight as used in our Euclidean distance function.…”

Section: Illumination-aware Data Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal volume illumination

Sundén

Kottravel

Ropinski

2015

Computers & Graphics

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“…Given the content requirement for effective rhetorics, an exploration of how depictions of shadows may serve rhetorical purposes through "deviation from expectation" should start with attending to the cognitive structures and processes that feed such expectations in the first place. 8 In their interdisciplinary review of research on the content of cast shadows, Dee and Santos (2011, p. 2) state that shadows "(. .…”

Section: Rhetorical Shadowsmentioning

confidence: 99%