“…A good example of the concept is the electrochemical magnetobiosensor [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], in which the analyte-bound MNPs are collected by a magnetic electrode to produce a strong electrochemical signal. Alternately, the MNPs can also be captured by nucleic acid- or antibody-modified solid surfaces to produce optical signals [ 6 , 7 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For instance, MNPs have been successfully used to enhance the SPR signal due to their advantages of high molecular mass, high refractive index, low production cost and easy synthesis through hydrothermal and co-precipitative methods [ 4 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”