The performance of 3D bioscaffolding based on a human periodontal ligament stem cell printing technique

Abstract

Bone tissue plays an important role in supporting and protecting the structure and function of the human body. Bone defects are a common source of injury and there are many reconstruction challenges in clinical practice. However, 3D bioprinting of scaffolds provides a promising solution. Hydrogels have emerged as biomaterials with good biocompatibility and are now widely used as cell‐loaded materials for bioprinting. This study involved three steps: First, sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (Gel), and nano‐hydroxyapatite (na‐HA) were mixed into a hydrogel and its rheological properties assessed to identify the optimum slurry for printing. Second, SA/Gel/na‐HA bioscaffolds were printed using 3D bioprinting technology and their physical properties characterized for surface morphology, swelling, and mechanical properties. Finally, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were mixed with SA/Gel/na‐HA printing slurry to create a “bioink” to prepare SA/Gel/na‐HA/ hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds. These were tested for biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation performance using live/dead cell staining, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The SA/Gel/na‐HA hydrogel exhibited shear‐thinning behavior. The equilibrium swelling of the bioscaffold was 125.9%, the compression stress was 0.671 MPa, and the compression elastic modulus was 8.27 MPa. The SA/Gel/na‐HA/hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds caused effective stimulation of cell survival, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, the SA/Gel/na‐HA/hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds displayed potential as a material for bone defect reconstruction.

Materials for Dentoalveolar Bioprinting: Current State of the Art

“…For this purpose, strategies suggested in the previous paragraph, such as crosslinking, could be a first step to increase the stability of the hydrogels. However, further modifications and combinations, such as the incorporation of hydroxyapatite [ 41 ], calcium phosphate and calcium silicate [ 46 ], or carbon nanotubes [ 185 ] could enhance the mechanical properties and lead to osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells [ 186 ]. Furthermore, such modifications could be readily modified to produce gradients of mechanical properties suitable for different layers of alveolar bone [ 187 ].…”

Cirugía digitalmente guiada: avances y perspectivas sobre tecnología digital 3D en periodoncia e implantología

“…Ha demostrado ser un método útil para diferenciar las células conectivas, de tejido dentinal pulpar y óseo. (16,17,27) Los estudios utilizan diferentes materiales para la impresión 3D como la policaprolactona, polímero que facilita el modelado e impresión 3D. La policaprolactona se puede utilizar en estado puro o mezclado con componentes con los fosfatos tricálcicos Grupos de estudio han combinado materiales para la formación de tejidos similares al ligamento periodontal, es así que, el uso de andamios impresos combinando policaprolactona para la generación ósea y la combinación con ácidos poliglicólicos para el tejido blando, ha dado lugar a la obtención de fibras orientadas entre ambos materiales que han asemejado a un tejido símil al cemento radicular.…”

Long Noncoding RNA GAS5: A New Factor Involved in Bone Diseases

“…Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are key cells involved in osteogenic differentiation and bone turnover. Osteoblasts are differentiated from bonederived stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and human dental pulp stem cells (Zhao, Tu et al, 2020;Kichenbrand et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2020). Various molecular pathways, including lncRNAs, regulate the complex osteogenic differentiation process.…”