Bone tissue plays an important role in supporting and protecting the structure and function of the human body. Bone defects are a common source of injury and there are many reconstruction challenges in clinical practice. However, 3D bioprinting of scaffolds provides a promising solution. Hydrogels have emerged as biomaterials with good biocompatibility and are now widely used as cell‐loaded materials for bioprinting. This study involved three steps: First, sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (Gel), and nano‐hydroxyapatite (na‐HA) were mixed into a hydrogel and its rheological properties assessed to identify the optimum slurry for printing. Second, SA/Gel/na‐HA bioscaffolds were printed using 3D bioprinting technology and their physical properties characterized for surface morphology, swelling, and mechanical properties. Finally, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were mixed with SA/Gel/na‐HA printing slurry to create a “bioink” to prepare SA/Gel/na‐HA/ hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds. These were tested for biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation performance using live/dead cell staining, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The SA/Gel/na‐HA hydrogel exhibited shear‐thinning behavior. The equilibrium swelling of the bioscaffold was 125.9%, the compression stress was 0.671 MPa, and the compression elastic modulus was 8.27 MPa. The SA/Gel/na‐HA/hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds caused effective stimulation of cell survival, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, the SA/Gel/na‐HA/hPDLSCs cell bioscaffolds displayed potential as a material for bone defect reconstruction.

The oligopeptide SDSSD promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. The 3D bioscaffolds with SDSSD enhance bone formation and the repair effect of bone defects in mice by regulating the AKT signaling pathway.