The Performance of Individuals with Mental Retardation on Cognitive Tests Assessing Effort and Motivation

Marshall, Paul; Happe, Maggie

doi:10.1080/13854040600801001

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Specificity of the Vocabulary-Digit Span Score was completely unacceptable at 0.0. Of note, Marshall and Happe (2007) produced similar results with a specificity rate of .31 for the RDS and .98 for the Vocabulary-Digit Span.…”

Section: Effort Tests and Imbedded Validity Indicators: What Does Thementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Hurley and Deal's (2006) sample of 39 individuals with ID yielded a specificity rate of .97, whereas that of Marshall and Happe (2007) was .21. Of note, the results in Hurley and Deal are based solely on one of five scoring criteria put forth by Paul and colleagues (1992); specifically, completion time greater than or equal to 180 seconds for ungrouped dots.…”

Section: Dot Counting Testmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These authors directly stated that the Rey 15-Item should not be used in evaluations of individuals with ID. 2 More recently, Marshall and Happe (2007) found specificity rates of .45 for the Rey 15-Item Test and .17 for the Rey 15-Item with Recognition Test when studying a group of 69 individuals with ID; Hurley and Deal (2006) obtained a similarly low specificity rate of .21.…”

Section: Rey 15-item Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malingering Intellectual Disability: The Value of Available Measures and Methods

Salekin

Doane

2009

Applied Neuropsychology

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Atkins v. Virginia (2002) is a case that has changed the landscape in relation to the assessment of malingering in a legal context. This landmark decision abolished the death penalty for defendants found to have intellectual disability (ID; formally known as mental retardation), but limitations in our assessment techniques lead to questions regarding the veracity of ID claims. In fact, Justice Scalia noted with clarity that concerns exist regarding the ability of individuals to feign ID and to do so successfully. At the time of writing, little empirical research has been completed, but that which exists demonstrates an overall lack of validity for traditional measures of cognitive malingering for use with this population. This manuscript provides an overview of the utility of many of the traditional measures of malingering for use with an ID population and serves as a call for research in this very important area.

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Section: Effort Tests and Imbedded Validity Indicators: What Does Thementioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Dot Counting Testmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Rey 15-item Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malingering Intellectual Disability: The Value of Available Measures and Methods

Salekin

Doane

2009

Applied Neuropsychology

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“…Tendo em consideração os comentários formulados relativamente às percentagens de sujeitos incorrectamente classificados como "simuladores", em casos provenientes de populações clínicas, e reportando aos valores de especificidade calculados, os dados obtidos convergem com os estudos que documentam uma baixa especificidade da prova em populações com Demência (Dean, Victor, Boone, Philpott, & Hess, 2009;Hays, Emmons, Stallings, 2000;Philpott, 1992;Schretlen et al, 1991) ou outro tipo de défices cognitivos, como é o caso da Deficiência Mental (Dean, Victor, Boone, & Arnold, 2008;Goldberg & Miller, 1986;Hurley & Deal, 2006;Marshall & Happe, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por um lado, o baixo custo, a administração fácil e rápida, a possibilidade de usar vários índices ou resultados quantitativos e as análises de natureza qualitativa (perseverações, omissões, erros reversíveis) (cf. por exemplo, Lee, Boone, Lesser, Wohl, Wilkins, & Parks, 2000;Marshall & Happe, 2007). Por outro lado, os dados da investigação apontam para valores de especificidade 1 elevados (superiores a 95%) em variadas amostras, tais como em pacientes com lesão cerebral severa (Taylor, Kreutzer, & West, 2003) ou de diferentes etiologias (Arnett, Hammeke, & Schwartz, 1995), pessoas idosas com Depressão grave (Lee et al, 2000), doentes com Traumatismo Crânio--Encefálico moderado e severo (Millis & Kler, 1995), pacientes com Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal e outras perturbações neurológicas (Lee, Loring, & Martin, 1992).…”

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Avaliação da simulação ou esforço insuficiente com o Rey 15-Item Memory Test (15-IMT): Estudos de validação em grupos de adultos idosos

Simões

Sousa

Duarte³

et al. 2012

Análise Psicológica

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INTRODUÇÃOA credibilidade das queixas envolvendo funções cognitivas como a memória encontra-se entre os problemas mais comuns e difíceis de identificar na avaliação neuropsicológica em contexto forense. Neste âmbito, os resultados nos testes são habitualmente considerados como tendo um valor de evidência objectiva da validade dos sintomas cognitivos comunicados (défices ou declínio da memória, atenção, concentração, etc.) e dos seus efeitos funcionais nos comportamentos, desempenhos e actividades da vida diária. Contudo, os baixos resultados nos 209

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Mental Retardation: Death Penalty

Macvaugh

Salekin²,

Olley

2009

Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science

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In 2002, the US Supreme Court held in Atkins v. Virginia that the execution of individuals with mental retardation (also referred to as intellectual disability) is unconstitutional. Following the Atkins holding, courts in death penalty jurisdictions have begun to call upon mental health professionals to assist the trier of fact in determining whether offenders in capital murder cases have mental retardation. However, the determination of mental retardation in death penalty cases presents several unique and complex challenges for both legal and mental health professionals. Moreover, there is great variability in how states define mental retardation and in the methods used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental retardation in such cases. The purpose of this chapter is to (i) provide an overview of the current death penalty statutes on mental retardation in the United States; (ii) describe the definitions of mental retardation as promulgated by professional organizations in the field; (iii) discuss the diagnosis of mental retardation in death penalty cases; and (iv) review the available research on malingering and mental retardation.

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The Performance of Individuals with Mental Retardation on Cognitive Tests Assessing Effort and Motivation

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

Malingering Intellectual Disability: The Value of Available Measures and Methods

Malingering Intellectual Disability: The Value of Available Measures and Methods

Avaliação da simulação ou esforço insuficiente com o Rey 15-Item Memory Test (15-IMT): Estudos de validação em grupos de adultos idosos

Mental Retardation: Death Penalty

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