The performance of planar electrochromatography in a horizontal chamber

Nurok, David; Koers, James M.; Carmichael, Matthew A.; Liao, Wei-Min; Dzido, Tadeusz H.

doi:10.1556/jpc.15.2002.5.1

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A higher buffer concentration leads to an increase in the mobile phase flow rate (slope of the relationship). This effect is consistent with previous data presented for capillary electrochromatography, − planar electrochromatography in opened systems, and planar electrochromatography in closed systems . However, interpretation of the effect is more complicated due to the influence of the buffer concentration on the ζ potential and double layer thickness, which can overlap in the particulate stationary phase of the electrochromatography system.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The separation performance measured by theoretical plate height was several times higher in the PEC system in comparison to TLC, and the development time was several times shorter. The experiments were performed in a special device for PEC in which the chromatographic plate was almost vertically 9 and horizontally , mounted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increase in plate number was enhanced not only by the flat flow profile of the mobile phase but additionally by evaporation of the mobile phase from the chromatographic plate. This effect was discussed by Nurok et al The main disadvantage of the planar electrochromatography mode performed in an open system is the low repeatability of migration distance of the separated bands, despite the application of procedure and technical modifications mentioned above.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of the flow velocity of the mobile phase in planar electrochromatography systems has not been accomplished until now. The influence of flow rate of the mobile phase on the retention of solutes was expressed as plots of migration distance of the solute vs time of electrochromatogram development and vs voltage in open and pressurized systems. , The data indicate that the flow rate of the mobile phase is considerably more stable when using a device for pressurized planar electrochromatography than in a device operated in an open system. The investigation of the voltage profile along the chromatographic plate and migration distance of the test solute (rhodamine B) vs the time of electrochromatogram development performed by Tate and Dorsey 17 gave additional evidence that the flow of the mobile phase is stable if the planar electrochromatography system is pressurized.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Apparatus for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography in a Completely Closed System

2006

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Pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) is the mode which offers much higher separation efficiency in comparison to conventional planar chromatography, including both higher performance and much higher speed of separation. In this paper, we present a new device for performing PPEC in which the whole area of the chromatographic plate is pressurized. Both electrodes (anode and cathode) are washed with the mobile phase during the experiment, which prevents gas bubbles from collection in the region of the electrodes. This device enables directly controlling the flow rate of the mobile phase during the electrochromatography process. Mobile phase control offers the possibility of researching the influence of various properties of the PPEC system on separation efficiency. One important relationship to investigate is plate height vs mobile phase flow rate. This relationship helps to choose the optimal value of the mobile phase flow rate during the separation process. Considerable difference in shape of this relationship is demonstrated for conventional planar chromatography plates and high performance planar chromatography plates. Examples of the influence of some properties of the separating system on flow rate of the mobile phase are demonstrated, such as the buffer concentration in the mobile phase, the pH value of the buffer solution of the mobile phase, the type of chromatographic plate, and the voltage applied to the electrodes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Apparatus for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography in a Completely Closed System

2006

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“…Electroosmosis is used to drive the mobile phase flow through the layer in pressurized planar electrochromatography and requires an aqueous buffer as a component of the mobile phase [23,[57][58][59][60][61][62]]. An electric field applied across the layer is used to control the mobile phase velocity which is independent of the solvent front migration distance.…”

Section: Pressurized Planar Electrochromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance stationary phases for planar chromatography

Poole

2011

Journal of Chromatography A

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Planar Chromatography Using Electroosmotic Flow

Dzido

Polak

Chomicki

et al. 2011

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Application of electroosmotic flow to drive mobile phase in planar chromatography is presented. There are two techniques of this mode: planar electrochromatography (PEC) and pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC). In the former technique, three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) are involved in separation process in the later but two phases (solid and liquid). Theoretical backgrounds of the mode are presented and historical overview as well. The techniques are described regarding development of equipment and methodology in respect of operating variables (composition of the mobile phase, pressure exerted on adsorbent layer, mobile phase flow velocity, temperature of separating system, mode of sample application, etc.) influencing separation efficiency. Advantages of the techniques, especially PPEC, such as high kinetic performance, short time of electrochromatogram development, and different separation selectivity in comparison to conventional thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) are presented and discussed. Kinetic performance of PPEC and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is compared. Two‐dimensional separations (2D) using PPEC and TLC are demonstrated to show high separation potential of the mode. The PPEC technique is still in beginning stage of development, so its challenges are discussed as well.

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The performance of planar electrochromatography in a horizontal chamber

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Apparatus for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography in a Completely Closed System

Apparatus for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography in a Completely Closed System

High performance stationary phases for planar chromatography

Planar Chromatography Using Electroosmotic Flow

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